The play Henry V was written by William Shakespeare, and was designed to make it enjoyable to Elizabeth | who was the queen at the time. Queen Elizabeth | would enjoy a play with a victorious king and leader, so if the queen enjoyed it the rest of England would, so William Shakespeare would make a lot of money. The play would be performed in the Globe Theatre which was a very rowdy place.
So Shakespeare made the speeches attention-grabbing and very effective to entertain people and to make people listen since it was a noisy place.Back then they would also ‘boo’ at the actors and throw food or other objects at them if they didn’t like it. So Shakespeare tried to get the audience involved in his speeches. In the first speech the troops are invading the French town of Harfleur.
Henry’s troops are tired and weak and Henry wants them to have one more battle. To motivate his troops, Henry uses various techniques in his speech to persuade them to carry on.To open the speech, Henry uses repetition; the first line of the speech is “Once more into the breach dear friends once more. Henry makes the battle sound like nothing by repeating ‘Once more’ and tries to make it sound comforting by using ‘dear friends’ to motivate them.
Also by repeating ‘Once more’ the troops think it is the last time, they have just got to do it once more. This will also help motivate the troops. In the speech emotive language is used. This it to make Henry’s troops and the audience listen.
“Then lend the eye a terrible aspect. ” Is an example of this. “Shakespeare uses words such as ‘terrible’ to shock King Henry’s troops to grab the audience’s attention.By using the word ‘terrible’ this makes images in the troop’s minds and the audience and makes them listen.
To strengthen his points King Henry uses a list of three. An example of this if “Cry ‘God for Harry, England, and Saint’ George! ” He uses this to strengthen his point and get the point across and make his men and audience listen. Henry is also reminding his men why they are fighting. To emphasise his points, Henry uses exclamation.
An example of this is “Whose blood is fet from fathers of war; proof! This shows that King Henry believes his men are sons of soldiers and are strong warriors themselves.This would motivate his men if they feel someone important believes they are good soldiers. In order to further persuade the men, Henry uses flattery “And you good yeomen. ” Is an example this makes the men feel like the king is one of them and would make them feel as if they must be noble people and be able to fight again if the king, an important person says so.
Also by using the word ‘you’ it makes his men feel as if Henry is speaking to each one of them personally. In the second speech Henry and his troops have defeated Harfleur. King Henry tells the governor of the town to submit, because if he doesn’t, King Henry’s men will kill the residents. It also describes what will happen to them if they don’t submit.
King Henry tells him if he doesn’t then it will be his fault that everyone will die he also tries to make the governor feel as if he has a choice, he is not forcing him into it.Rhetorical questions are used in the second speech; and example of this is “What say you? ” Will you yield, and this avoid, Or guilty in defence, be thus destroy’d? ” King Henry is asking the governor if he will give in. This is the ending of the speech and it is as powerful ending. By asking him rhetorical questions it makes the governor think what will happen if he doesn’t give in and it helps him make his decision.
Powerful statements are also used in the speech “Or, guilty in defence, be thus destroy’d? This is a powerful statement and question because the use of emotive language shocks the governor and this is also the ending so it would make the governor think of everything he has said and worry and shock him this would also convince him to give in. In the second speech personal pronouns are used to persuade the governor to give in “Till in her ashes she lie buried. ” This is an example of personal pronouns being used to persuade the governor to give in because the use of ‘her’ and ‘she’ would make a man feel like he has to protect a women and would want to protect his town.This is also an example of personification.
Emotive language is used often in the speech to involve and shock the audience and the governor. “O’er blows the filthy contagious clouds. ” This is an example of emotive language being used, the effect of emotive language shocks and makes the governor think. This is very effective because the emotive language gives you a lot of detailed imagery and makes the governor think of what could happen and would also make the audience feel involved and would make them listen.
A list of three is also used in the speech to further persuade and convince the governor to give in. An example of this is “heady murder, spoil and villany. ” This also uses emotive language this would make the governor think of what could happen to his town. This list of three would strengthen Henry’s point and convince the governor to give in.
The two speeches include a variety of techniques to persuade either his troops or the governor. The speeches use the techniques effectively.In the film Kenneth Branagh often has Henry in the first speech making he sword punch the air, this adds enthusiasm to the first speech making things sound like fun and also makes him sound strong and ready to fight so his troops would carry on. Also the camera often looks down on his men to show Henry is important.
Often at key points Henry’s horse stands on its back two legs to make it look taller this makes Henry look even more important this is effective because the men would feel honoured as when Henry is flattering them and showing he believes in them as he is such a powerful man.In the first speech white lighting shines on Henry to show he is good and makes the audience see English as noble and the best. In the second speech a red light shines on Henry’s face to show the danger that will happen to the town if the governor doesn’t submit. This is effective because the audience sees this as being a threat and makes us want to listen and think about what will happen.
Also the governor stays in the dark in the speech this shows that he is scared of Henry and worried about what will happen this is effective because it makes us believe England will win.
Analysis Of A Spontaneous Speech
This is an extract from a conversation on 3rd October-a Sunday lunch. Context refers to the conditions in which something exists or occurs. Linguistically, this is the part of a conversation, surrounding a word or passage, which helps to make its meaning clear.
The context of this speech is very informal, colloquial and chatty, as it is simply a family lunch.This speech contains much overlapping and interrupting, which is a very common feature of spontaneous speech. Overlaps and interruptions can illustrate that speakers are struggling to gain power in a dialogue, as the rules of turn taking can be disturbed.Dad: You told me off (.
) you told me off for actuallyMum: No I didn’t tell you off for making a commentHannah: Oh yea I know I hate that oh I just hate that walk urghh?Mum: So you’ve got to make sure you get?Hannah: Errrr I walked?Mum: Did you walk with me?As shown in the examples above, we can see that often in this extract, Mum tries to steal the power. She often interrupts, and we can see that the people that she interrupts often stop talking as soon as she had interrupted. This shows that Dad, Madeleine and Hannah, know that Mum is ‘in charge’.The extract has many non-fluency features, such as fillers, hedges and self-correction, demonstrating its authenticity of being a spontaneous speech.
Non-fluency features are features in a speech, which express that someone has not yet finished speaking. They have come to a pause, and they are thinning what to say next, and so a non-fluency feature comes into play, to maintain the hold on the conversation.Hannah: Errrr I walkedMum: So that ermm seems like quite a good arrangement doesn’t it?Above, are examples of fillers, used for very short ‘thinking pauses’. In these cases, they were being used to keep the conversation, even though they were actually just thinking.
There are some false starts, some self-clarification in this speech, which can mean that the speaker is retaining the power, but this could also lead to losing it if they disrupt the flow of conversation and allow the listener to take over.Mum: I just told her that you will take every chance to take ?you’ll take any opportunity to ?Hannah: I did walk to the ? I did walk there!Above, shows a case of a false start and a self-clarification, consecutively. The false start is when Mum was going to say one thing, but changed her mind and started to say something else, but then got interrupted anyway. The self-clarification was when Hannah was about to say that she did walk somewhere, but then corrects herself, and just uses the word “there”, to say where she walked.
There are many declaratives in this speech, which often suggest power of that speaker, which more often than not, is Mum.Mum: No I didn’t tell you off for making a comment.Mum: I walked with Sylvia on my own!Mum: Well it doesn’t matter now!The examples above are taken from three completely separate moments in the dialogue, suggesting that Mum has the power. Mum has many declarative statements when talking.
This suggests that she has the power.There is also the occasional interrogative in this speech. For example,Hannah: Was I ahead of you guys then?Mum: So that seems like quite a good arrangement right?The interesting thing about the above two examples, is that when Hannah uses an interrogative, she is actually looking for an answer. However, when Mum uses one, it is a rhetorical question, which again suggests that she has the power.
She uses a monitor, “right?” to check that the listener is following what is being said.This is clearly spontaneous speech, as there is much use of non-fluency features, false starts, overlaps and interruptions, fillers, hedges, self-clarification, monitors, elision and ellipses. Throughout most of this speech, Mum has the power, by using interrogatives, many declaratives, and by making many interruptions. However, at line 15, Mum loses the power to Hannah and Madeleine, when they take over the conversation, by changing the topic.
This is shown below, where it can clearly be sent hat Mum is trying to change the discussion topic, and line 34, the last line, Mum has regained the power, and set the agenda.Mum: Did you walk with me?Madeleine: Did you?Hannah: Yes. I walked with you and Sylvia ?Madeleine: Yea but that was half the way!Mum: Anyway ?Hannah: No I walked!Mum: Well it doesn’t matter now!Hannah: Why was I ahead of you guys then?Madeleine: Don’t know (3) Because you walked backwards and then you turned around andwent the other way again.Hannah: Oh well I don’t know all I know is that I did a lot of walking!Mum: So that ermm seems quite a good arrangement right? Hopefully my you’ll be ableto work on Boxing Day.
In summary, Dad says very little throughout the conversation, while Mum, Madeleine and Hannah share the power and agenda setting issues throughout. Mum has the most power, which is clear because she often interrupts, and by the end of the conversation, she has regained the power, without too much effort.
Lord Of The Flies – Letter From Ralph
Dear Mom and Dad,I am writing you to inform you that I am very well, I hope you are fine too. I have spent the last few days on a deserted tropical island where our plane was evacuate and shot down. I am now being rescued by a navy officer.
I just wanted to let you know about my experiences that I had on the island. Well when I first reached the island I found it really surreal and beautiful. The atmosphere was so calm, quiet and peaceful. Then I met a boy called Piggy.
He was very fat, he had very thick spectacles. He also told me that he had asthma.He always used to say my aunty told me not to do this/that. After a few minutes Piggy found a conch shell and showed me how to make a noise with it.
I used the conch to call the other boys from across the island then suddenly a party of choirboys came. Jack was the leader of choir; he was an arrogant and unpleasant fellow. Then we had a meeting and I was declared as the ruler and Jack and the other choir boys went hunting for something to eat. While the other boys were hunting I was trying to maintain some remnants of civilization.
Later on some of the younger boys believed that they saw a “beastie” on the island. This beast scared all of us. We had many fears on that island, but needed to remember that they could not let us get in the way of what was important to us. We all decided that we needed a fire to survive on the island and came to the conclusion to use Piggy’s glasses as a means of starting it.
We get the fire going, but jack carelessness in containing that fire burnt half of the island. Jack had focused on the hunting aspect of survival, while I concentrated on building shelter so that we could be safe from nature. So later on, Jack went to hunt a pig while Simon (who was a very skinny boy with black hair, he was a loner who often experienced fainting spells. Simon sees beyond the surface of things.
The other boys were indifferent towards him) and I were busy building huts. me and Jack argued over the importance and priorities of what had to be done. One day a ship passed by the island and the signal fire was out. This carelessness was due to Jack’s irresponsibility.
He argues with me, not taking blame for the mishap. He said that hunting is more important, and that it was not his fault that the fire had gone out. I was really angry, all this was because of his immaturity and lack of responsibility, and also because of the jealousy he had for my authority. During our fight Piggy’s glasses were accidentally broken by Jack.
The other boys killed the pig and after killing the pig they started to chant very loud “Kill the pig. Cut her throat.Bash her in.”, then we roasted the pig and feast on it.
The next day, we had a meeting where many important issues were discussed. One of these was the validity of the beastie’s existence. The point was brought up that the beastie was in fact only ourselves. At that meeting, I emphasized the importance of the signal fire.
After this, Jack became even more troublesome, declaring that I was a bad leader. This made me really annoyed. Then after a few days a dead pilot parachutes down to the island.The parachutist landed on the rocks and was his parachute got caught.
He was spotted and labeled the “beast from the air” by the little boys. In response to that, Jack, me and the others set out to hunt that “beast.” While traveling, Jack found a place that he thought would be a good place for a fort, so we began preparation by clearing off the ledge. After the excitement of the pig hunt, the boys gathered and performed a strange tribal dance.
Meanwhile, Simon and I discussed the prospects of being rescued. Simon assured me that he will leave the island alive. Later, the other boys decided to go on another hunt.Soon after, a major argument between me and Jack occurred on the beach.
I was accused of cowardice by Jack and Jack moved to removed me from leader of the group of boys. I was humiliated though, as none of the boys voted for my takeover. I began to cry and run away into the forest. Later Jack and his tribe at their new hideout at castle rock decided to have yet another hunt and kill a large sow; they cut off the pig’s head as a sacrifice for the beast and paint themselves in the pig’s blood.
Simon, alone in the woods thought the head is the Lord of the Flies.Back on the beach, Jack invited the twins, Sam and Eric, me, Piggy, and the littluns to feast with them. After eating, we all gave way to the group madness of the tribal dance and killed Simon, thinking he is the beast. Simon was actually coming to bring news that the “beastie” was a dead parachutist.
Now me, Piggy, Sam and Eric, and the littluns remained alone with our huts on the beach. Jack turned his tribe against me and told the hunters that the beast was only using Simon as a disguise. During that night, Roger and Jack attacked on my hut and stole Piggy’s glasses to create a fire. Piggy, much angered by this incident desired to go to Castle Rock and made Jack give him his glasses back, then me and piggy both went to the castle rock to ask Jack to give Piggy his glasses back.
Despite this, Jack insulted me again and a fight was the result. Roger tries to hit me with a large boulder and instead knocked Piggy off the cliff. In the confusion that results, I was able to escape into the woods. I can’t describe in words how I felt about Piggy’s death I was totally devastated as he was the only one who supported me.
The following day the entire tribe searched to get rid of their last opposition which was me. I was forced to hide in the bushes for a long time. Then I was found by the others and then closely pursued on throughout the island. I was wounded by a spear in the process.
As I was running onto the beach, a rescue ship was sighted and we apparently reverted to our former behavior.So that was my experience on the island, I have learnt so much from these entire incident. Also I am very sad that I have lost one of the really good friends Piggy and Simon.