Child Abuse is something that kids all around the universe have to cover with every twenty-four hours. Child maltreatment can do physical and mental affects on a kid. It occurs really often and can go on for many different grounds. There is a jurisprudence now saying that describing kid maltreatment is compulsory and you should describe it instantly. There are 1000s of kid maltreatment victims every twelvemonth. The maltreatment normally can go forth lasting harm on the remainder of the kid’s life. Child maltreatment is a really serious offense, and affects kids mundane with positive and negative affects.
Child maltreatment is a serious offense, that if violated can come with many effects, and regulations. Reporting child maltreatment is a compulsory jurisprudence enacted in 1978 ( but amended many times ) saying that people must describe kid abuse immediately1. This jurisprudence was created to place kids that are victims of kid maltreatment. Associating to the jurisprudence the Department of Human Services has duty to entree and investigate suspected child maltreatment. “Each twelvemonth Department of Human Services research workers conduct 20,000 probes affecting 30,000 kids ( in the province of California ) . ″ There are a batch of instances reported each twelvemonth, affecting guiltless kids, abused by their parents. Although there are 1000s of instances reported each twelvemonth, 1000s go unreported. “Child maltreatment has serious effects which may stay as unerasable hurting throughout the victims lifetime3 ″ Child maltreatment can hold lasting negative affects on the kid, lasting affects that the kid will ne’er bury. The maltreatment can besides convey a better side to the kid, doing the kid desiring to be more independent. Child maltreatment is really common, and can impact any kid of any race, colour or faith.
Child maltreatment is caused by a parent, for many grounds, and can take to many sorts of jobs for the kid. Parents impose child maltreatment for many grounds such as psychological jobs to moo self esteem to alcohol or drug abuse.Child maltreatment happens for many different grounds but all the grounds are still child maltreatment, and are taken earnestly. Child maltreatment can besides happen when parents have excessively high of outlook of their childs which so leads to mistreat. “Abusive parents may demo neglect for the kid’s ain demands, limited abilities, and feelings.” Disregarding kids’s demands can include a neglect ion. Children need parental advice and for parents to carry through all their demands. “Some parents lack basic information about normal kid development and parenting.” All parents need information about parenting and normal kid development, in order to go a loving parent that a kid needs. Some parents lack information because they excessively, were brought up with opprobrious parents besides. All these grounds are grounds that lead to child maltreatment and should be taken earnestly, and reported instantly.
Child maltreatment is one of the worst things kids have to travel through, and can impact a kid’s life with a negative affect. “Physical maltreatment is any non-accidental physical hurt, suffered by a kid as the consequence of the Acts of the Apostless or skips of a individual responsible for the attention of the child.” Physical maltreatment normally ends with a kid injury with contusions and cicatrixs. If reported the kid can be taken off from the place. “Mental hurt is an hurt to a kid’s rational or psychological capacity that is discernible to the kid’s ability to maps with in the kid’s normal scope of performance.” Mental hurts can ensue with jobs subsequently in the kid’s life, and can impact them vastly. If mental hurts are bad plenty the kid can endure depression and commit self-destruction. If child maltreatment goes unreported the consequences could be serious and impact the kid’s life for the future. Child maltreatment must ever be reported, the later you wait the longer the kid has to endure. If it goes unreported the kid could hold mental jobs and no future in front of them. There are many types of kid maltreatment, but whether it is physical, or mental they all result in a detrimental affect towards the kid.
Child maltreatment is a serious offense that comes with serious effects. It should ever be reported in the protection of the kid. Child maltreatment is something that can go on to anyone, and that can go forth a lasting harm on a kid’s life. It happens mundane to kids of all races, it is a job that we need to take attention of. Consequences in child maltreatment depend on the type of kid maltreatment. But about ever the consequences are damaging toward the kid. Child maltreatment comes in many different types and has many different types of consequences, it should be taken earnestly and ever be reported, all kid maltreatment is damaging to the kid.
In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain kid maltreatment was a really serious portion of Huck’s mundane life. Huck’s male parent, Pap, was covetous of Huck’s instruction. He felt Huck would go smarted than him. The maltreatment Huck received affected him both, positively and negatively. Out of the maltreatment, though, Huck made a determination to go independent and take attention of himself. The maltreatment he received besides influenced his determinations and ethical motives of life. Child maltreatment plays a really influential function on Huck’s life, the maltreatment he receives from his male parent affects him both in a positive and negative manner.
Bing covetous of Huck and his life, Pap tried child maltreatment as a manner for Huck to be punished for being smarter than him. “You think your better’n’your male parent now, Don’t you, because he tilt? I’ll take it out on you.” Pap is covetous of Huck’s instruction, because he doesn’t want Huck to be better off so him. Besides Pap is really frightened that Huck could go smarter than him and get down crushing up on him. “Once he locked me in the cabin, and was gone for 3 years. It was a awful lonesome.” Huck had to travel through most of his life being lonely and non holding a existent pa. When a kid becomes really lonely and has no 1 to speak to, non even his pa, it can take to depression and so possibly suicide. “I wont have it. I’ll put for you, my smarty, and if I catch you about that school I’ll tan you good.” When a male parent threatens to crush up his boy for traveling to school it is a definite mark of kid maltreatment. A male parent needs to hike up his boies self esteem alternatively of endangering to crush him up for seeking to larn. The go oning and changeless maltreatment on Huck left a negative affect on him.
The whippings Huck suffered through the bulk of his life left him with a negative affect for old ages to come. With his male parent, he could smoke and curse all he wanted and his life would hold been good if it had no been for the beatings.” The whippings impacted Huck’s life really much, it was the worst portion of his life. Pap being a hapless influence towards Huck, allow him make all the incorrect things, but when Huck tried to larn he would merely mistreat him. “Huck is a stateless male child whose lone relation is a disreputable father.” Huck, holding no household, led him to hold no household values and no 1 to number on, when he needed aid. He had no male parent like function theoretical account for him to look up to and esteem, and no 1 to assist him with his jobs. The whippings that Huck received will remain with him for the remainder of his life. It will convey him bad memories and haunt him many old ages to come. If Huck grows up and has a child, he might mistreat him or her and non even recognize it, merely making what his male parent did to him. Even though there were many negative affects, there were besides many positive affects.
Having had gone through an opprobrious childhood it brought a positive affect to Huck, learning him how to look out for himself and go a better individual. “I didn’t want to travel to school much before, but I reckoned I’d travel now to hurt Pap.” The maltreatment made Huck want to go better educated and a better all around individual. He didn’t want to turn up and go another disrespected Pap Finn. “I was scared. I made up my head I would repair up some manner to go forth here.” Huck couldn’t take it any longer, he decided to go independent and take attention of himself. The whippings besides made him recognize that he needed to take charge of his ain life. “If he ne’er learned nil else out of Pap, he learned that the best manner to acquire along with his sort of people is to allow them hold their ain way.” Huck learned how to cover with Pap and non allow him acquire to him, and damage his ego regard. Huck besides became mature and learned how to take attention of himself. Traveling through changeless maltreatment is bad but sometimes can hold a positive affect on a individual.
Pap’s mistreat on Huck affects him both mentally and physically. He influenced Huck’s life with many damaging affects. Most of the maltreatment that Pap gave to Huck left Huck with a negative affect. The changeless whippings and verbal maltreatment made Huck lonely and down. Although most of the clip maltreatment leaves negative affects, the maltreatment did go forth some positive affects excessively. The opprobrious childhood brought a positive side to Huck’s manner of thought and manner of life. Child maltreatment is a awful thing to travel through but can hold both positive and negative affects on a kid.
Reflection On Memoirs Of A Student In Manila
This was written by Dr. Jose Rizal when he was around 17 to 20 years old when he was studying in University of Santo Tomas and it narrates his early life, about his family and memories of being away from his family to study in Manila. It said that the first pen name used in his writing was P. Jacinto and other pen names were Laong Laan and Dimas Alang. He has nine sisters and one brother. They have a good life before that’s why they afford to study in a good school and they have a fine way of living.
Rizal’s father wanted him to study in the Dominican-owned Colegio San Juan de Letran but changed his mind and decided to send him instead to Ateneo Municipal, formerly the Escuela Pia which was a school for poor boy and was established by the city government and when the Jesuits returned to Manila in 1859, they were given the management of the school.
It was said that the system of education given by the Jesuits was more advanced than that of other colleges in that time and it was in Ateneo where he first used the surname “Rizal” because at that time, his real surname “Mercado” had come under the suspicion of Spanish authorities.
He began at the bottom of the school, but within a month he was “Emperor of Rome”. The Ateneo had divided the students into two “empires”, Roman and Carthaginian, to fight for academic supremacy. It was this war that soon brought young Rizal triumph and prizes. At the end of the first quarter he received the grade “excellent”. In the five years Rizal studied in Ateneo, he showed his intelligence and diligence in his academics and extra-curriculars as Jesuits called him “a child excellent in religious sentiments, customs and application, with progress worthy of his signal talent.
After graduating with honors from Ateneo, Rizal went to University of Santo Tomas to pursue higher studies. His father and brother wanted him to pursue higher learning but Dona Teodora opposed the idea when she knew of what happended to the three martyr priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora. After finishing first year of a course in Philosophy and Letters, he transferred to the medical course.
Improving Efficiency And Effectiveness Of A Business
Issues to be taken under cosideration
5.OPTIONS – INCREASING EFFECTIVENESS
All successful businesses owe their existence to the recognition and existence of a market opportunity. It is essential therefore for organizations to continue identifying possible market opportunities in order to develop, expand and compete in the fierce business environment of our era. This entails constant information of the organization’s position and the market environment in which it operates. Kotler (though Baker 1996) argues that a structured analysis should be undertaken based on the following questions:
·Diagnosis : where is the company now and why?
·Prognosis : where is the company headed?
·Objectives: where should the company be headed?
·Strategy : what is the best way to get there?
·Tactics : what specific actions should be undertaken, by whom and when
·Control : what measures should be watched to indicate whether the company is
Succeeding? (Baker, 1996, Marketing, p.52)
All companies need strategies to meet changing markets. Marketing plays an important role in strategic planning. It provides information and other inputs to help prepare the strategic plan. Strategic planning, according to Kotler, Armstrong, Sauders and Wong (1996) is also the first stage of marketing planning and defines marketing’s role in the organization. “The strategic plan guides marketing, which must work with other departments in the organization to achieve strategic objectives”. (Principles of Marketing, p.70). The above analysts focus on three steps/stages of strategic market planning :a) the strategic plan and its implications for marketing; b) the marketing process; and c) ways of putting the plan into action.
Strategic planning, or finding out the strategic position of a company is essential towards the marketing plan. This will guide the formation of measurable corporate objectives. An audit then gathers information on the company, its competitors, its market and the general environment in which the firms operate. A SWOT analysis gives a summary of the strengths, and weaknesses of the company together with the opportunities and threats if faces. Next, decisions are made on what services/products are best for the company and how much support to give each one, and suggestions about the possibility of market segmentation and targets facing the organization are done. This paper attempts to apply the above for “Global Training” in Athens in order to identify possible problems and aim to find certain solutions.
Intercollege Global Training Athens is a company offering educational services and specifically training in the field of ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, U.K.) The training program for students coming from a variety of industries leads them to take the world-wide examination for every course in Greece in coordination with the British Council and the British Chamber of Commerce.
The company was officially established in the year 2000, however was operating through cooperation with Universities and companies in Greece since 1996. The central offices are located in Cyprus and branches, apart form Greece, exist in Bulgaria, Leetonia, Poland, Oman and Dubai.
In 1996 the company began cooperation from Cyprus with leading Audit Firms such as Price Waterhouse Coopers, Deloitte and Touche, KPMG, and Ernst and Young, for in-house training focusing on individuals who wanted to receive the professional degree of ACCA. In 1998, Eurobank and ALPHA Bank joined the scheme and in 1999 an office was opened to offer the program to individuals who could join the groups at the locations of these companies and in order to form separate groups for the public needs. In a few words, recruitment was done based on a market plan and groups were formed for “walk-ins” which were trained at various Universities, with lecturers who were specialized from the central office in Cyprus.
The growth of numbers/enrolment forced the central office to form a branch in Athens and all training is done at the new company’s premises for all courses leading to examinations of the ACCA scheme. At this point, over 120 students are enrolled for ACCA examination at Global Training Athens and the company’s position calls for strategic market planning for its services. How could additional students enroll? Does the company’s position imply expansion based on the growth of numbers? How was the marketing done? What other marketing methods can be used? What kinds of opportunities are there? Are there any problems that need solutions in order to increase effectiveness? These and other market related questions for the company will be attempted to be examined in the next sections of this paper.
If the forces at work in the environment and likely future changes in that environment are identified, then these are bases for considering the opportunities and threats that might exist for the organization (Johnson and Scholes, 1988). The aim is to identify the extent to which the current strategy of an organization and its more specific strengths and weaknesses are relevant to, and capable of dealing with the changes taking place in the business environment. One note that should be mentioned at this point is the need for one not to be “absolute” in one’s analysis. The following concerning Global Training Athens are noted as significant points/issues for examination in these sections.
Issues for consideration concerning the company
ACCA is a European degree (E.U.), thus recognized by all E.U. states (including Greece; directive exists)
a.The ACCA syllabus is based on the International Accounting Standards (IAS) which are required towards the internationalization of the Accounting Parameters
b.The E.U. is preparing for the “European Stock Market”, a fact which implies individuals being aware of the methods used for listed and to be listed companies in the future Euro stockmarket. The ACCA also does this as a program.
c.Greek Presidential Degree 165/2000 recognizes professional qualifications such as the ACCA after 3 years of work experience.
d.The number of companies sending students to Global Training Athens has doubled in the past year, as have the number of students enrolled.
e.The ACCA offers, in cooperation with Oxford Brooks University a Bachelor of Science in Applied Accounting with one’s successful completion of 9 (out of 14) ACCA courses.
f.ACCA’s who complete the program become highly paid individuals. In the U.K. for example, Partners of Banks and Audit Firms are ACCA degree holders.
g.Competition for Global Training Athens is limited to non-existent, and it is extremely difficult for a company to complete due to the nature of training.
h.ACCA is now developing an MBA program in cooperation with Oxford Brooks University.
i.Global Training’s passing rates have been one of the highest worldwide (90% apx.)
j.Global Training’s lecturing team are all chartered Accountants and / or Academic specialized to teach only such courses. Most are specialists in their respective fields.
k.Internal Audit laws/regulations exist for Greek companies.
l.Having the above in mind (company profile and issues/points) the following SWOT analysis is presented.
m.Experience in ACCA trainingn.Directives (EU) Laws/Regulations (GR)o.Specialized Lecturing Teamp.International Accounting Standardsq.Bachelor prospect for ACCA/s TMBAr.Recruitment doublings.Passing reatest.Limited competitionu.ACCA’s have high salariesv.Weekend seminars only, due to foreign lecturersw.Cost of training lecturers (air fare- expenses-accommodation)◘ Facilities limited◘ No Greek Lecturers◘ Limited marketing, despite success◘ Limited services in Athens
◘Expansion (premises)◘Expansion (geographical)◘New services /new professional degree◘ACCA consulting/headhunting◘Classes during the week◘Conferences on IAS◘Advertise◘Use of IT◘Competition (limited however)◘Government changes may affect recognition(?)- Greece only.◘SOE (Greek chartered Account. Parameter concerning audit experience)
The above SWOT analysis concerns the organization as a whole, and lists all the features that could be considered critical success factors. The strengths and weaknesses are relative, not absolute. In sum, the strengths and opportunities demonstrate potential for the company in terms of expansion and in a logical growth of numbers of students. However, the cost of lecturers from abroad and the instability of government regulations do pose danger which will be disused in the later stages of this assignment. In APPENDIX 1 the framework that was used as a guideline for identifying the company’s strengths and weaknesses is indicated.
From the above SWOT analysis, two issues are noteworthy that need attention in order to be solved. These are presented in the weaknesses section. Namely, these are the: (1) the problem of “supply” of ACCA lecturers and (2) the need for additional services at Global. However as Mr. Kiritsis, the CEO of Global Training implies, the two problems are closely related to each other. As he characteristically argues, “… they are a single problem inside my mind”.
The first problem is analyzed: Global Training employs lecturers from abroad due to their experience and certification, usually from Cyprus and the UK. These countries have been using the ACCA as a recognized professional degree for decades and therefore are more familiar with the system. Greece has only recently recognized it through the EU directives and a limited number of trainers exist. The lecturers from Cyprus and the UK are mostly ACCA degree holders and specialists in their field of teaching. However, in order to use these lecturers, the costs are high due to the following reasons:
Having a specialist costs almost five times as much as the normal cost of the fee. If one considers the 14 courses the ACCA requires and the number of hours required for tuition, it is extremely necessary for the company to find local specialized lecturers and train them.
The second problem has to do with the amount of services offered. Global Training in Athens only offers one service, the ACCA. Therefore, the service portfolio is limited. Given the various threats and the prospect of competition, it is essential to market new programmes in order to compliment the ACCA and use an additional service to increase the figure of profit and be on the safe side.
These two problrems are united in one. Insreasing the services (i.e seminars) means more lecturers, which is the first problem. On the other hand more service will bring substancial profits an potential to make a better human resource planning, in terms of the lecturers.
The options have been identified above:
·Addressing Local Lecturers: It is urgently required to find local lecturers and cut the costs for the programme significantly. This may have a down side in terms of quality, however this could be done gradually. Finding and training local staff may increase costs from a financial standpoint in the beginning, however in the long run will have positive effects since the costs of running the programme will drop (five times less). This could be done in two phases. First, finding existing ACCA students at Global Training that are completing the programme and offer them the possibility, after adequate training to work as part – time consultants and trainers. Second, by advertising in the local newspapers to find managers and partners in local audit firms or banks to work on a part time basis in the beginning and also find ACCA degree holders in Greece, even if this is a rare possibility.
·Establishing new services: Global Training Athens should develop and market a new services such as seminars / in house training to companies and individuals in order to limit the possibility of the ACCA programme dropping in figures. Even though Global Training can be considered a “nicher” as a specialist in ACCA training in Greece, it is necessary to grow. Seminars or conferences in subjects like International Accounting Standards and / or Risk Management will compliment the ACCA degree scheme and will be cost effective as they are short in their nature (weekends) and profit margins are on the positive side. Hence with the profits from the new services we can plan in such a way to have foreign lecturers in the most critical services and local lecturers where they can be simirarly efficient.
Based on the examination and the issues raised, potential options will be presented along with various conclusions and discussion points. These conclusions will be based on the company in general, however emphasis will be given from a marketing standpoint in the effort to formulate potential strategies for the organization to move from its present position into a more effective one.
The company has successfully penetrated the market of training in a specific field and has thus gained considerable market share. The latest statistics indicate that in Greece, close to 200 students took the June 2000 examinations, and this means that Global Training has gained more than 70 per cent of the market. (However, students who did not take the June examinations are not counted and cannot easily be tracked.) This implies that the programme is relatively new, a market does exist and the demand for it is growing due to the issues raised prior to the SWOT analysis. The strengths of the company and the programme are noteworthy and the competitive advantage is demonstrated through the lack of actual competition, the market share, governmental regulations, its “EU” nature and the benefits such a programme can offer. The passing rates reinforce the quality of the services offered and potential opportunities may be identified.
Marketing conducted the past two years can be considered successful due to the doubling of enrollment and the issues to be raised at this point are two:
1.Is the company ready to accept a greater demand in numbers? Is the supply cost – effective and existent?
2. Can the company find alternative services to offer (advance service portfolio) to complement the ACCA programme?
The strategy of the company from a critical view point is similar to that of a market nicher. As argued by most theorists, an alternative to being a follower in a large market is to be a leader in a small market, or niche. The key idea in nichemanship is specialization. Based on Kotler (1998), Global Training can be characterized as a “service specialist” or a “product – line specialist” in the sense that the firm offers one service not available from other firms. It may be that from a strategic point of view Global Training may be better off not marketing its service (ACCA) vastly, but concentrating on its specialty. Adding more services or products may have a boomerang effect on the company. It may loose its specialization. However, what happens if and when other firms start competing in the same area? Even though it is quite difficult in the near future, substitutes may gain parts of the market. For this reason, and for the fact that having one service is always risky since business environment changes may create problems for the company, additional services are considered a must. One more service offered does not necessarily mean that Global Training may lose its characteristic as a nicher. Therefore:
-Additional service(s) should be added to the service portfolio;
-Recruitment of additional staff to meet the current and prospective demand for the service;
In the case of Global Training the company needs to first differentiate and position itself. In the words of the Managing Director, “Global Training is the Mercedes of Training”. Therefore, the aim is to produce superior service at a premium cost, well advertised. This is a logical position for a company that is considered a leader in ACCA training in Greece. The next step is to differentiate, for example to include a new tested service.
Something that should be taken into consideration is the service life cycle and modified at the different stages: introduction, growth, maturity and decline and the global opportunities and challenges.
The previous sections attempted to conduct a SWOT analysis of Global Training Athens which would, along with the company’s profile, provide useful information towards the identification of possible problems. Such problems were identified and options towards their effective solution were proposed. The issue for the company will be to examine which of these options can be implemented within the current environmental conditions.
At this point we should stretch the fact that this report gave equal importance to the identification of the problem as well as to its possible solution. That was a result of our belief that solutions to problems are given by their full and extended identification. If you deeply analyse the roots of the problem you can also find what should have been done before it had arised.
REFERENCES
1.Baker, M. “Marketing” an Introductory text, sixth edition Mc Millan Press 1996, UK
2.Gravens. D.W. “Gaining Strategic Marketing Advantage” Business Horizons, Sep. Oct. p 44-54, 1978
3.Johnosn and Sholes “Exploring Corporate Staregy” 2nd edition Prentice Hall, 1988, U.K.
4.Kotler, P. “Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control”, International edition, Prentice Hall, 1997. U.S.A.
5.Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. Sanders, J.Wong V. “Principles of Marketing” European edition, Prentice Hall, Publications, 1996, U.K.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Gamble P. and Stone M. “ Common marketing Problems” Croner Publications, 1988, U.K.
2.Solomon m. and Stuart E.W. “ Marketing, Real People, Real Choces”, second edition, prentice Hall, 2000, U.S.A.