Coat of Arms
The coat of arms is a grouping of symbols that represents the attributes of a family, occupation, etc. In nursing, the coat of arms signifies the fundamental characteristics that define the nursing profession. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the six nursing qualities selected to symbolize ‘Nursing’ and offer reasoning for the symbols representing each quality on the coat of arms. Furthermore, this article will explore the positioning of each symbol on the coat of arms. Communication is an enduring skill for nurses and can manifest in different ways.
Communication, whether verbal or non-verbal, holds immense significance in nursing. It plays a vital role in establishing a strong nurse-client relationship and bridging the gap between clients and nurses. As per Kameg et al. (2009), effective communication skills have proven to enhance health outcomes, patient compliance, and overall satisfaction. Adept communication empowers nurses to gather crucial information from clients, conduct better assessments, and attain optimal results. Moreover, communication skills within the nursing field foster trust and cultivate a comfortable working environment with clients. In the coat of arms, the chosen emblem for communication is represented by the stethoscope.
Communication can manifest itself in various ways, both verbal and non-verbal. When it comes to accurately measuring a client’s vital signs such as blood pressure, nurses must listen attentively through the stethoscope. Likewise, during interactions with clients, nurses must carefully listen to obtain precise information. A quiet environment is crucial for nurses to perceive and interpret sounds via the stethoscope. Moreover, a tranquil setting facilitates effective communication between nurses and clients, enabling mutual understanding.
The significance of equality in nursing is emphasized; nursing always involves relationships among multiple individuals and should be approached with equality in mind (Kangasniemi, 2010). Nurses regularly interact with physicians, clients, and colleagues. By promoting equality within the work environment, conflicts among nurses, physicians, and clients can be minimized. Equality also nurtures positive professional relationships between nurses and their clients as well as colleagues.
In my perspective, it is imperative for nurses to possess a solid comprehension of equality for providing equitable care to all patients. With this knowledge at hand, no patient should endure suffering based on factors such as age,
sex,
ethnicity,
or gender.
The chosen symbol for equality in the coat of arms is a justice scale, which represents equality due to its equal scales on both sides. It is positioned at the center of the heart, as it is a central quality of nursing. The scale is shown within the heart because equality directly affects human emotions. If unequal care is given to two clients, the one receiving less care will feel discomfort and discrimination. To maintain equality, balance on both sides of the scale should remain equal. A caring nurse demonstrates respect and appreciation for the client, aiding in their recovery and promoting health. Expressive caring behaviors establish trust, acceptance of feelings, faith, and genuineness (Khademian & Vizeshfar, 2008). Cultural competency is essential for nurses to provide holistic care. Symbols representing caring include the heart and hands, with the heart symbolizing its foundational nature. Without caring, the other qualities depicted in the coat of arms are ineffective.
The heart contains symbols held by hands, representing comprehensive care and emphasizing the importance of empathy in nursing. Empathy enables nurses to understand others, promoting their well-being. By providing empathy, nurses can better assess clients and strengthen the nurse-client relationship. Shoes at the coat of arms’ bottom symbolize empathy, as nurses must put themselves in their clients’ shoes to understand their feelings. The white color signifies purity. A nurse with empathy should place themselves in the client’s position and comprehend their experiences. Assertiveness is also crucial for nurses as it helps them recognize their strengths and limitations. Being assertive values oneself and the nursing profession, ultimately earning respect and recognition.Nurses should demonstrate respect for both themselves and others, ensuring that they do not infringe upon anyone’s rights. Their assertiveness should seek a mutually beneficial resolution, where all parties can have their needs met. An embodiment of assertiveness, a picketer man is depicted on the left side of the coat of arms.
Advocacy in the form of picketing is an essential aspect of effective assertiveness. Picketing employs assertiveness while maintaining a non-aggressive approach towards onlookers. It involves standing up for rights while still being respectful to others. The most crucial trait a nurse must possess is trustworthiness. This quality is delicate as it can easily rupture, leading to a breakdown in the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses should establish trust to gain complete cooperation from their clients. Similar to empathy, fostering trust brings clients closer to nurses, allowing for the collection of more accurate subjective and objective data and improved treatment. Building trust is both a quality and a skill. Symbolizing trust in the coat of arms are lock and chains. These chains attach to the sides of the heart and move towards the center, crossing over other symbols to reach a locked lock. Surrounding all other symbols, this signifies that a nurse must possess all nursing qualities to develop trust with patients, and once trust is established, it must be maintained. From my perspective, the most vital nursing quality is communication skills. I have always interpreted communication as providing information to someone in a manner that they fully comprehend.
I recently learned that listening is a crucial aspect of communication. By actively listening, a nurse can demonstrate empathy, build trust, and show care for their clients. Moreover, through effective listening, a nurse can gather important information, acquire knowledge about the patient, and truly understand their needs. Listening holds the same significance as speaking in communication. Within the context of nursing, various symbols on the coat of arms represent different qualities and skills that are vital for a nurse. Empathy, caring, and trustworthiness are qualities that nurses can utilize to establish closer connections with their clients and strengthen the nurse-client relationship. In order for nurses to listen attentively to their clients and provide appropriate answers to their inquiries, effective communication is essential. Furthermore, assertiveness can enable nurses to advocate for their clients, while maintaining equality can prevent any perception of differential treatment among clients. To ensure quality care for clients, a nurse must possess diverse qualities and skills.
Origins And Development Of Slavery In Britain’s North American Colonies
The founding of the majority of American colonies was either for an economic profit or religious freedom. To make the colonies founded for an economic profit, a large workforce was needed. For many religious colonies that turned into huge economic powers, they used the Protestant work ethic. Other colonies decided to use indentured servants originally, but this ended up turning into a large use of slaves for their work force in some colonies.
Despite slavery in Britain’s North American colonies originally about only the economic aspects of the societally developed into an essential part of society and it was maintained for racial, social, and economic reasons. Slaves were used economically because they were cheap labor. Socially, it was respectable in some colonies to be a slave owner. Minorities were thought of lesser people by the whites, so slavery also showed racial superiority. This essay will discuss the racial, social, and economic reasons for the development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies from 1607-1776.
Slavery was driven by racial inequality. The colonists thought of the minority races of Africans and Indians as lesser people, and many people didn’t have a problem with enslaving them for their workforce. During the triangular trade, slaves from Africa were brought to the Americas. The majority of slaves went to the Caribbean, but some ended up in Britain’s North American colonies. Slaves were quite easy to obtain because they could be bought or traded for material items. African slavery became the workforce for hard labor and plantations. Before the Africans arrived in the colonies, the colonists also used Native Americans. The Indians occupied the territory that the colonists wanted to settle, so they saw them as a threat and the Indians were an easy target to enslave. At the beginning of the period, it was said that neither blacks nor Indians were slaves by documents found in Virginia. By 1640, many blacks and Indians were being used as slaves by the colonists. And after 1660, slavery was regulated and his codes for slaves. This shows that during the period, the number of minority slaves rose greatly.
As the period progressed, slavery became more and more of a normal thing. After Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, there were fewer indentured servants and more slaves. After the Rebellion, indentured servitude kind of phased itself out, and slavery became more prominent. There were differences between the Southern and the Northern colonies’ views of slavery. In Georgia, James Oglethorpe originally banned slavery in 1733, but changed his mind in 1751. Many people thought of slaves as a more worthwhile investment than indentured servants, because they could be kept for life. There were codes written that stated that the master had complete control of his slaves, which was very attractive to some people. The Declaration of Independence condemned slavery in some form, but slavery was still widely practiced. Towards the end of the period, some people were beginning to condemn slavery, but it was still widely practiced throughout the colonies.
Owning slaves made plantation owners very profitable, because over time the slaves were a small price to pay for all of the labor that they would complete throughout their lifetime. Indentured servants were more widely used at the beginning of the period. Indentured servitude came to an end because of the various problems that people encountered. The first Africans were brought to Jamestown in 1619. In the beginning of the period, they were used for tobacco fields in Virginia, harvesting rice and sugar in South Carolina, and working the indigo fields throughout the Carolinas. Planters preferred slaves to indentured servants because they could have more control over them. The slaves were used to do the labor needed to harvest the cash crops which sustained the colonies’ economies. Towards the end of the period, slave owners realized that slaves were a much better investment than indentured servants. The number of slaves throughout the period increased because plantation owners and farmers realized how much profit they could get by owning slaves and using them to harvest the cash crops. It was a very slow-moving development, but once it was widely known, slaves were used much more than indentured servants.
Britain’s colonies in North America went from a society with slaves to a slave society. Owning slaves became a key part of everyday life for many plantation owners by the end of the period. Throughout the period, the focus shifted from indentured servitude to slavery because slaves proved to be more profitable. Slavery in the colonies stayed so popular because it was based on racial, social, and economic values. It changed the way that plantation owners did things, and they wanted to keep their profits going.
Corporate Governance In Canada
How are Directors limited legally in their investment choices in Canada? What are different laws, regulations and such that distinguish corporate governance in Canada and U.S? Criteria to include:
- Highly Independent Board of Directors
- Commitee`s (audit, compensation, etc
- Full Disclosure
- Make sure CEO and Chairman of the Board -are not the same person.
- Not paid entirely in cash
Corporate governance deals with the ways in which the suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return of their investment. At first glance it is not entirely obvious why the suppliers of capital get anything back. After all, they part with their money, and have little contributions to the enterprise. The professional managers or an entrepreneur who runs the firms might as well abscond the money. Although they sometimes do, usually they do not. Most advanced market economies have solve the problem of corporate governance at least reasonably well, in that they have assured the flows of enormous amounts of capital to firms and actual repatriation of profits to the providers of finance. But this does not imply that they have solved the corporate governance problems perfectly, or that the corporate governance mechanism cannot be improved. (Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny.The Journal of Finance, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Jun., 1997), pp. 737-783).
Canada and the United States are close economically and socially as many pair of countries in the world. The two nations share similar cultural traditions and enjoy comparable living standards. Both countries have highly educated and skilled work forces, with similar industrial and occupational structures. (David Card and Richard B. Freeman, 1993).
Under the Canadian principles-based approach, with the exception of mandatory rules relating to audit committees, companies are required to publicly disclose the extent of their compliance with the suggested best practices and, where a firm’s practices depart from such guidelines, to describe the procedures implemented to meet the same corporate governance objective. Hence, the Canadian approach is in the form of comply or disclose. In contrast, the U.S. rules-based approach is oriented toward mandatory compliance with legislation and stock exchange requirements, with a much greater emphasis on regulatory enforcement rather than voluntary compliance. Our empirical evidence illustrates that the different regulatory regimes in Canada and the United States has to a certain extent resulted in considerably different corporate governance practices. Our research shows that Canadian firms, in comparison to U.S. firms: have smaller boards with fewer independent directors; have boards that hold more meetings; have directors that sit on a greater number of boards than directors of Nasdaq-listed firms, and sit on a fewer number of boards than directors of NYSE firms; are less likely to have CEOs also serving as the chairman of the board; and are less likely to have compensation, nominating and corporate governance committees, and the fraction of independent directors sitting on these committees is significantly lower. We conclude that there are pros and cons associated with both the principles-based and rules-based regimes. The extent to which the made-in-Canada approach to governance is found to be effective largely depends upon whether investors remain confident in regulation of the Canadian capital markets. (KAI LI University of British Columbia – Sauder School of Business ERINN B. BROSHKO Farris, Vaughan, Wills & Murphy LLP February 2006)
The proposed rules recognize the critical role played by audit committees in the financial reporting process and the unique position of audit committees in assuring auditor independence. As directed by section 208(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are proposing rules to: Revise the Commission’s regulations related to the non-audit services that, if provided to an audit client, would impair an accounting firm’s independence; define the circumstances whereby an issuer’s audit committee can and should pre-approve all audit and allowable non-audit services provided to the issuer by the auditor of an issuer’s financial statements; prohibit partners on the audit engagement team from providing audit services to the issuer for more than five consecutive years; prohibit an accounting firm from auditing an issuer’s financial statements if certain members of management of that issuer had been members of the accounting firm’s audit engagement team within the one-year period preceding the commencement of audit procedures; and require that the auditor of an issuer’s financial statements report certain matters to the issuer’s audit committee, including “critical” accounting policies used by the issuer.
The Board of Directors are:
(Chair of the Board) Dr. Gary Kachanoski, Vice-President, Research, for the University of Alberta, and Professor in the Department of Renewable Resources
(vice-Chair) Allan Scott, President & CEO of EEDC, former partner in Riverview Venture Partners and President and COO of EdTel and then Telus
Richard L. Casey, former Chairman and CEO of Scios Inc., former Executive Vice-President for ALZA Corporation, and GM for Syntex Corporation
Nancy Harrison, former Senior Vice-President for Ventures West Management Inc. Bruce Johnson, retired President of Intuit Canada and Intuit UK
Wayne Karpoff, Co-founder and CTO of YottaYotta Inc., Founding chair of the Alberta ICT Council and co-chair of the Digital Solutions Alliance.
Chris Lumb, President & CEO, Micralyne Inc., Chair of the Board of Directors of CMC Microsystems, and on the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Nanotechnology Robert Teskey, Managing Partner with FieldLaw Doug Maley, Assistant Deputy Minister, Western Economic Diversification Canada
Dr. David Cox, CEO, TEC Edmonton, former President and CEO of Quest PharmaTech Inc., CEO of Apotex Fermentation Inc., Synsorb Biotech Inc. and KS Avicenna Inc