Introduction
New Zealand is an Island Nation found within the Pacific Ocean. The country has a population of about 5.084 million people. The country is known for its value system, mainly run by the people’s Māori culture. For the International company to expand to New Zealand, ethical and legal implications must be gauged to analyze whether the country will be good for business. This paper describes the business environment in New Zealand and its impact on business in case the company expands there.
According to the New Zealand Treasury (2020), the country enjoys an open economy that is governed by the principles of the free market. The economy of the country is also sizeable, with a GDP of 212.5 billion (World Bank, 2020). The country’s economy mainly runs on agriculture and manufacturing sectors. Moreover, exports are an essential contributor to the country’s GDP, with about one-third contribution annually. The 2022 index ranked New Zealand as the fourth freest economy with an economic freedom score of 80.6 and second compared to thirty-nine Asian Pacific countries. The ease of doing business in the country is also high, making it a potential country for investment for both local and international investors.
In the political sphere, New Zealand is considered a constitutional monarchy. The country is governed by the queen, whose rule is considered sovereign, with the government ministers as her key advisors. The ethical sphere in New Zealand is governed by the Royal Society Te Apārangi’s Code of Professional Standards and Ethics, which businesses and individuals are expected to follow (Ballingall et al., 2020). The code of ethics focuses on ethical issues such as informed consent, confidentiality, constructive dismissal, ethics in technology use, voluntary participation, privacy, and staffing levels. The country’s ethics is also greatly influenced by its rich Māori culture. Additionally, any business expanding to the country must consider its legal systems. Business in New Zealand is governed by laws such as taxation, Intellectual property laws, dispute resolution, employment laws, customer and supplier relationships, health and safety, and premise laws. Additionally, by joining a Regional Business Partner Network, businesses in New Zealand can apply for grants, loans, and other funding arrangements for startups and small and medium business enterprises (SMEs) (Ballingall et al., 2020).
For a business to thrive in the country, it must focus on political, ethical, and legal considerations. The political considerations help analyze how the business will be affected by the country’s politics, especially if the parent country is not a monarchy. Additionally, ethical considerations are essential in determining how the businesses will be expected to relate to its employees and other businesses. Culture also affects what is considered important to the people, making it essential for the organization to analyze its favorability. Apart from politics and ethics, legal considerations are the most important. The company has to ensure that it operates legally according to the laws governing local and international businesses in the country.
In conclusion, despite the legal, ethical and political considerations, expansion to New Zealand would be a profitable move for the international printing company. The freedom and ease of doing business in the country fueled by its integration to the world economy will ensure its productivity and growth. Additionally, the company will also contribute positively to the country’s GDP, making it more open to other international investors.
References
Ballingall, J., Dorigo, E., Hogan, J., & Lees, K. (2020). A news-based approach to monitoring trade policy uncertainty in a small open economy: The case of New Zealand (No. 20/09).
The Treasury. The New Zealand economy. (2020, April 14). Retrieved March 20, 2022, from https://www.treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/new-zealand-economy
World Bank (2020). New Zealand Data. Data.worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/country/NZ
Ethical And Policy Factors In Care Coordination Sample Assignment
Code of Ethics
Nurses were obligated to practice ethics even before the American Nurses Association (ANA) approved the Nursing Code of Ethics (The Code). Nine parts of the Code were last modified in 2015 to reflect current health care and practice developments (Stievano & Tschudin, 2019). The first four clauses define nurses’ roles and responsibilities to their patients. They discussed the significance of recognizing societal and economic factors and personal attributes. They emphasize the nurse’s need for compassion, devotion to all patients, and the responsibility to safeguard and defend those she serves. It also covers caregivers’ responsibility to offer exceptional care and accountability for their conduct. Swanson,
Guidelines 5–9 go through obligations and desirable practices in more depth. This section explains how caregivers can maintain their professional and personal development while promoting health and safety (Stievano & Tschudin, 2019). Every aspect of their work must be carried out with integrity and compassion. Best practices must constantly be referenced in professional standards. To deliver patient-centered care, nurses must cooperate professionally while keeping the integrity and merging principles for the safety and health of their patients.
This session will concentrate on clauses relating to nurses’ responsibilities to promote and protect their patients’ human rights, uphold their ethical obligations to their patients, and promote and protect their patients’ sense of security. Our community’s lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LBGT) children are also a focus tonight. Especially for the Lost and Found Adolescents (LNFY) program, which offers secure shelter and health insurance to homeless youth. This non-profit organization works with children in Atlanta ranging in age from 13 to 25 years old. Its mission is to eliminate homelessness among lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender people, queer (LGBTQ+) persons, and other sexual minorities in society.
Affordable Care Act and HIPAA
All patients getting treatment have been protected since the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Public Law 111-148. They need more excellent health care and coverage, including preventative treatments, and they require it without prejudice to obtaining the finest care available. As the name indicates, insurance should be affordable to everybody. Discrimination should not be based on medical history, gender, or current insurance status. Everyone should have access to affordable rates, alternative coverage, and tax credits. Evidence-based long-term support, training, and therapy (Bari & O’Neill, 2019. Finally, there should be no prejudice when it comes to purchasing medical insurance.
When the ACA requirements are paired with those of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), patients’ rights and health information are protected. ACA regulation infractions must be reported regularly, and individuals who break the rules must be held responsible. The ACA provisions that justify the violation are as follows:
- Nondiscriminatory Health-Care Systems under Section 1557 of the ACA
- Public Health Service Act (PHSA) Section 2702 – Guaranteed Problem
- Section 1302 of the ACA’s Important Health Benefits
- Eligible Healthcare Plans and Markets under Section 1311 of the ACA
HIPAA was established to secure patient data while encouraging patient health and well-being. The ACA and the HIPAA, in the context of the LGBT group, protect those seeking recovery and healing in a varied and inclusive marketplace that satisfies all their needs without discrimination (Cleveland, Motter & Smith, 2019). HIPAA infractions may cost between $100 million and $1.5 million in civil suits, depending on the severity and extent of the offense. A criminal conviction carries a fine of up to $100,000 as well as a jail term of up to ten years.
Lost-N-Found and Healthcare
LNFY helps children in need in the community by providing basic health information, crisis assistance, and health/dental referrals. They provide free HIV/STD testing, counseling, and mental health issues. People in the LGBT community are provided information about their rights and advocate for them when they are offered support. (NFL) The LGBT group is regularly refused services due to their sexual orientation. According to the Court of Auditors, this is the most severe type of discrimination. Human rights should not be denied, and services should not be withheld from them. As a volunteer, I do a physical checkup and a needs assessment before meeting with a counselor or nurse. Routine physical examinations and dental examinations are inadequate to cover all a person’s fundamental requirements.
The ACA outlaws all types of discrimination, regardless of pre-existing diseases (Home, 2019). Many health facilities discriminate against transgender kids from the outset because of their gender identification, and they transition at a younger age than in the past. Under the HIPAA, a person has the right to have some data indicating birth sex restricted if they are not necessary for health care services. Fines not exceeding $50,000 and incarceration for to five years are possible consequence. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a non-profit agency that creates and distributes norms (Rainer, Schneider & Lorenz, 2018). This is another example of how governments may influence health and safety laws to interfere with patient care coordination. People who are refused treatment are deprived of the care they need, which produces worry, which swiftly rises into a big issue once the case is probed.
Policies, Provisions and Nursing Bias
As nurses and champions for all patients, we must address our prejudices and deliver culturally relevant care without exception while advocating for LGBT individuals. Nurses must address inequalities and health biases based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression. Daily, the LGBT group experiences challenges and the stigma of injustice; one of these hurdles or stigmas should not be access to proper health care (Stievano & Tschudin, 2019). Despite state and municipal laws and prohibitions, service providers discriminate against LGBT individuals while delivering services. Therefore, treatment delays and health inequities persist.
Patient Protection
As champions for all patients, our job is to denounce prejudice and avoid interfering with patients’ rights to self-determination and crucial services. In line with the nurse’s practical ideals, compassionate and respectful care is offered in the framework of a patient-care relationship that respects human rights. If we are to act in patients’ best interests, we must try to guarantee that all patients have equitable access to services and resources without discrimination. All caregivers must provide care that is safe, inclusive, and ethical (Rainer, Schneider & Lorenz, 2018). To guarantee continuous safety, we must be careful with demographic data acquired as part of best practice identifying sexual orientation and other patient information that may breach HIPAA requirements. We also safeguard our patients by continually educating and investigating cultural sensitivity and teaching them how to apply that knowledge to patient care.
Acceptability, Accessibility, and Accountability
For members of the LGBT community, sexual orientation is generally recognized as a social determinant of healthcare. Regardless of their gender identification, these underrepresented minorities have the right to receive fair and equitable treatment in the healthcare system. According to 2017 research, patients are still discriminated against. LGBT patients’ poor health outcomes are caused by a lack of access to health care, clinician rejection to treat LGBT patients, the necessity to screen LGBT patients, and a lack of expertise in providing suitable resources for LGBT patients (Home, 2019). As good nurses, we must accommodate all patients while delivering exceptional patient care. As nurses, we must advocate for all patients, ensuring access to affordable health care without prejudice. All healthcare workers must also avoid prejudice and be held responsible for their errors.
Provisions of Healthcare Outreach
There are numerous methods to speak up for the LGBT group to avoid frequent injustices and roadblocks. There are smartphone applications available that give previously inaccessible therapy information and advice. Field services can help caregivers fight for and defend personal boundaries and patients in their professional positions. They may provide personally identifying information while keeping confidentiality and helping with any ethical difficulties (Cleveland, Motter & Smith, 2019). As part of our efforts to obtain a better knowledge of the LGBT group via communication and problem resolution, we are establishing more effective connections for the LGBT group on an equal basis with all other patients. This technique adheres to the highest levels of patient care, follows the ideals of the ACA, and safeguards patients’ health information in compliance with HIPAA laws.
Conclusion
Finally, as previously noted, legislation, regulations, and procedures exist to safeguard LGBT people seeking medical treatment from prejudiced clinicians. As healthcare professionals, especially nurses, it is our job to educate ourselves about the ethical issues and techniques necessary to serve the LGBT group. Consequently, we’re better equipped to deal with issues and provide and get greater attention from all parties engaged in the process. It encourages best practices in patient-centered care while also bolstering the healthcare sector’s capacity to better handle ethical challenges without affecting, among other things, treatment for LGBT persons (Bari & O’Neill, 2019). CES activities and education on health needs, services, resources, and problems are necessary to make a significant and lasting influence on the LGBT group.
References
Bari, L., & O’Neill, D. P. (2019). Rethinking patient data privacy in the era of digital health. Health Affairs, 12.
Cleveland, K., Motter, T., & Smith, Y. (2019). Affordable care: harnessing the power of nurses. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 24(2).
Home, A. N. A. (2019). ANA Position Statement: The ethical responsibility to manage pain and the suffering it causes.
Rainer, J., Schneider, J. K., & Lorenz, R. A. (2018). Ethical dilemmas in nursing: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(19-20), 3446-3461.
Stievano, A., & Tschudin, V. (2019). The ICN code of ethics for nurses: a time for revision. International Nursing Review, 66(2), 154-156.
Ethical Aspects Related To Aristotle On Happiness Writing Sample
Aristotle’s ethical approach is considered one of the influential ancient scripts on human nature and life topics. It is considered relevant to date. The purpose of Nicomachean ethics is to educate individuals on being good to themselves and others. One of the theory’s notable discussions on human life is Eudaimonia, a Greek word meaning happiness (Egbekpalu, 2021). Aristotle’s aspect of eudaimonia forms the basis of the ethical theory known as virtue ethics, tailored to improving an individual’s moral conduct. This analysis explores happiness as a virtue in ethics.
As claimed by Aristotle, happiness involves accomplishing set objectives in the entire one’s lifetime (Bonevac, 2021). An individual is considered a happy person after attaining set life target goals. A crucial component of Aristotle’s theory of happiness is good morals, known as virtues that make individuals happy. The following aspects bring happiness; wealth, health and friends. Once in possession, an individual feels complete, leading to excellence and advancement of human life.
I agree with Aristotle’s aspect of happiness because different individuals have varied views on a happy life (Bonevac, 2021). What brings happiness to someone may not bring happiness to another person, and everybody has a definition of his best life. I recently saw some individuals unable to purchase tickets to watch a football match in a stadium and opted to pay less in local joints to watch television. They cheered and got satisfied just like those in the stadium. This made me conclude that happiness is a state of mind, as long as the happiness is realized morally.
Friendship as an ethical aspect contributes greatly to the happiness of an individual. Having good and trustworthy friends is fascinating because they enhance the fulfillment of life desires. For instance, friends can live morally by supporting each other in good and bad times by offering financial and emotional support. Friends can provide good company to an individual, eliminating loneliness and providing a sense of togetherness. Further, friends can offer advice during depression periods by giving required comfort, and during achievements, they are there to celebrate with you. Maintaining good friends is crucial in achieving the required happiness and living a virtuous life.
Wealth is a crucial factor that can lead to happiness when guided by living a morally upright life. It involves having enough money for an individual’s expenses. Having a lot of money exposes someone to buying nice cars, houses, expensive electronics, clothes and better healthcare, which leads to more happy experiences. Some wealthy individuals live a virtuous life and find happiness from sharing their surplus wealth with the less privileged. It includes donating surplus foodstuff, clothes, and money to children’s orphanage homes, and the experience of seeing the orphans happy makes them happy too. Most people work hard to accumulate wealth because wealthier individuals seem to be happier than poor individuals. Such wealth brings comfort and fulfillment when obtained and used in a virtuous manner.
Furthermore, the virtue of happiness is related to good health. Good health means an individual is free from diseases and physically active. Being physically active helps improve an individual’s moods and lower stress because they can participate in various constructive activities compared to a person not physically fit. Good health also brings a sense of well-being, greater self-esteem and life satisfaction. This pushes individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle through better diets and exercises to improve their lifespan and maintain long happiness. Ultimately, one can live virtuously when physically and psychologically healthy.
References
Bonevac, D. (2021, April 1). Aristotle on Happiness (YouTube), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpnTUGAOc9A&t=1s
Egbekpalu, P. E. (2021). Aristotelian Concept of Happiness (Eudaimonia) and its Conative Role in Human Existence: A Critical Evaluation. Conatus-Journal of Philosophy, 6(2), 75-86.