Discussion Post
In spite of the fact that well-designed randomized trials (RCTs) are frequently appointed the most elevated level of proof, not all RCTs are conducted appropriately, and the outcomes ought to be deliberately investigated. An inadequately directed RCT may report a negative outcome when a genuine distinction exists between experimental groups (Os et al., 2019). A meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies may be used in medical research to distinguish among therapy and non-therapy or fake treatment, diverse therapy systems, or distinctive measurements/power of similar treatment. The expression “randomized” characterizes the arbitrary task to each group which is under study. This infers an equilibrium in benchmark attributes among known and obscure variables, diminishing bewildering factors and improving the inside legitimacy of the outcomes.
An illustration of the significance of such examination is the infusion of epinephrine in fingers. In the middle of the 20th century, doctors were exhorted that epinephrine infusion can lead to finger ischemia (Schalock et al., 2017). Further experimental (RCT) examination found that the expansion of procaine to the epinephrine infusion was the reason for the ischemia. The procaine utilized in these infusions included harmful acidic clumps (Schalock et al., 2017). Other execution science questions are more fit to experimental and quasi-experimental designs, which are planned to assess the impact of mediation without randomization (Miller et al., 2020). Quasi-experimental research is especially valuable in situations where a practically identical benchmark group cannot be determined (Miller et al., 2020). For instance, a clinic presents a request entry system and wishes to contemplate the effect of this new order on the number of medicine-related side effects before and after the system introduction.
It is difficult to represent relationships at the meta-analysis of correlated studies, particularly when the result is uncommon. The model can examine concentrates with zero occasions in the study group and can deal with the instance of inadequate information announcing (Os et al., 2019). An integrative review is an overall audit of the current writing as an ‘orderly’ measure. Meta-synthesis or meta-summary of qualitative studies take into account the mix of different strategies to combine the outcomes of discoveries.
Reply to the 1st Post
The discussion brings awareness to the basic definitions and application of different variables when performing research. It shows the importance of the three types of variables is significant when planning and conducting any experiment. Most people mainly focus on dependent and independent variables of the study, neglecting the impact of external variables on the results of the research. The post provides examples of how the setting can be controlled so the intrusion from the environment would be minimized. The post would be more informative if there was an opinion on the reliance of such methods. Additionally, how can people gather data effectively in times when external factors cannot be controlled by an experimenter?
Reply to the 2nd Post
It is convenient to see the levels of evidence in a listed and ranged format. This post gives an insight that randomized trials are the most relevant and evident type of scientific proof. Meta-analysis seems to be suitable for quantitative experiments. Although the provided information is descriptive, there is a need for explanation and examples on each level. For example, adding an opinion on the reason why RCTs are practical and whether they have any drawbacks and uncertainties would give clearer picture. Moreover, it would be explanatory to discuss the cases with integrated reviews.
References
Miller, C., Smith, S., & Pugatch, M. (2020). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs in implementation research. Psychiatry Research, 283, 112452.
Os, J. V., Guloksuz, S., Vijn, T. W., Hafkenscheid, A., & Delespaul, P. (2019). The evidence‐based group‐level symptom‐reduction model as the organizing principle for mental health care: Time for change? World Psychiatry, 18(1), 88–96.
Schalock, R. L., Gomez, L. E., Verdugo, M. A., & Claes, C. (2017). Evidence and evidence-based practices: Are we there yet? Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55(2), 112–119. Web.
Socio-Historical Context Of The Book Of Romans
Paul wrote to the church in Rome when Jews were coming back to the city after their expulsion. A new emperor had assumed control of the empire, replacing the one who had dismissed the Jewish leaders. Besides, the Gentiles became in charge of the church’s leadership and changed the practices, for example, not observing the Judaic laws on food and worship.
Thus, they divided the house of prayer based on tribe and cultural background. Paul also writes after he has completed his missions in Asia and wanted their help in his next tasks (DeSilva, 2018). Knowledge of this background helps readers understand the rhetoric Paul uses while talking about transgression and salvation. They can understand why he goes to a great length trying to bring together the two groups – to win their loyalty and get help.
The text appeals to cultural concerns such as social roles by dictating the expected behavior of a believer. As Paul writes, a Christian cannot live in sinful ways but they should do it righteously as Christ. Additionally, it calls upon the parish to obey God as slaves obey their masters. Moreover, he challenges the temple to retain purity since they have received their salvation from the death of Jesus. Thus, the writing stands in tension with the traditions and beliefs of the sanctuary.
Furthermore, the Jews believe their salvation comes from observing Judaic laws, while the Gentiles disdained all the rules. Lastly, the factions did not think of themselves as similar, especially not as sinners (Ryliškytė, 2019). Therefore, Paul’s message saying they have been united in sin and can receive salvation equally by grace is not in line with their usual perceptions.
References
DeSilva, D. (2018). An introduction to the New Testament (2nd ed.). InterVarsity Press.
Ryliškytė, L. (2019). God’s mercy: The key thematic undercurrent of Paul’s letter to the Romans. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 81(1), 85−105. Web.
The US Policy Towards Vietnam: International Influence
Introduction
The Vietnam War is considered to be one of the longest wars that America has ever been involved in. The war that began in 1948 and ended in 1963 cost the country close to 60,000 soldiers and more than 350,000 were wounded. On top of this, close to 2 million Vietnam citizens perished in the war. Up to date, Americans are still left with questions on whether the Vietnam War was a necessity or a bungled up affair by its leaders. Although there are many things that made the war to be prolonged, one thing that comes out clearly is that America entered the war without having a clear policy on how to win the war. On top of lacking a clear plan on how it intended to win the war, America had to consider the influence that the international community had on the matter. (Barringer)
Main Discussion
Although America was winning the war on every front, it had to tone down its assault due to criticism from its own citizens. As the war progressed, there was need to pump in more money to support it. This made the public begin questioning if the war was worth the high amount of money that they had to part with to support it. This gave rise to demonstrations by people who wanted to compel the government to pull out of the war. As the war progressed, President Jonson’s rating dropped from 40 to almost 25 percent. In order to protect his image, President Johnson came up with legislation that was meant to pacify the people. Despite this, Johnson and his Democratic party ended up losing the elections. (Garfinkle 52)
On top of the disgruntled public, America also had to deal with the international community that was against the use of force to solve disputes. It is worthy noting that by the time the war began the world had just emerged from World War 11. With the ravaging effects of the war on their minds, the world was unprepared for another round of uncalled for killings. During World War 11, many people had formed antiwar movements meant to bring an end to the war. When the Vietnam War began, all the existing movements united to oppose the war. During this time, even the core peace movements that had hitherto been unknown gained prominence by opposing the war. These movements were bolstered when they received the backing of key Civil Rights crusaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. this was intensified when King insinuated that most of the casualties in the war were African Americans. This cry was picked up by the international community who said that the war lacked any moral justification. In order to protect its image in the international community, the government backed out of the war. (Halstead 34)
Conclusion
Although the U.S. was on its way towards winning the Vietnam War, many things prevented it from enjoying the victory. Many Americans were opposed to the war simply because they felt that it was using up many resources that should have been used on the domestic front. On top of this, antiwar movements formed during World War 11 were opposed to the use of violence to solve conflicts. This external pressure caused the American government to back out of the war in order to gain both domestic and international acceptance.
References
Barringer, Mark. Modern American Poetry. The Anti-War Movement in the United States, 1999. Web.
Garfinkle, Adam. Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995. 52-54. Print.
Halstead, Fred. Out Now! A Participant’s Account of the American Movement against the Vietnam War. New York: Monad Press, 1978. 31-36. Print.