Abstract
The sole purpose of setting up a business is to provide goods and services to society at a profitable rate. Businesses ownership can be on an individual level/privately owned or government-owned. In the case of the government-initialized businesses, the citizens are the core customers. The public Corporation is a product of the legal actions of the government formed by the legislative bodies. The objective of the Public Corporation is to offer services to the public at very affordable rates while still making recommendable profits (Feigenbaum, 2017). The operations and management of the public Corporation lie under the decisions and choices of a board of directors. In addition, the public corporations stay financially independent after their initialization and establishment yet accountable to the state legal body. The employees’ system remains managed by the Public Corporation without any government interference.
Introduction
Walmart Inc. is a public Corporation that deals with both sale of commodities to the public in relatively small amounts and the sale of goods in large quantities at discounts. The public can access a wide range of merchandise at discounted prices when benefiting from retail services. For the case of wholesale private owned businesses, purchase commodities in bulk then proceed to resell the goods in small quantities at affordable prices. Walmart Inc. provides daily needed items and services at much-discounted prices (Cohan, 2020). The public accesses the commodities and services offered by Walmart Inc. from their supercenters, where the market size is largest. In addition, self-services in relative supermarkets are achievable. Hypermarkets come as more extensive retail stores than Supermarkets, where various goods come sold under a single roof. The buyers take away goods upon payment in cash and carry system of Walmart Inc. Consumers save a considerable amount of money while purchasing the low-priced services and goods provided on a wholesale range in the warehouse clubs owned by Walmart Inc.
Body
The economy stays driven by the trend in demand and supply of resources. The law that governs how the buyers and sellers relate, considering the help on the table, keeps the economy afloat. The law of demand is contributed by the buyers’ wiliness to purchase, whereby, as the cost increases, the market for a resource diminishes (Perkis, 2021). Whereas for the law of supply, the producers and suppliers of the resources stay motivated to give more of their products when prices inflate. All of the choices made by the buyers and suppliers concerning the law of demand and the rule of supply respectively serve to achieve economic stability and profitability on their side.
Various factors influence the supply and demand either positively or negatively. The key and repetitive observation is that supply and demand rise and fall dependent on each other. The dominant factor influencing supply and demand is the irregular rise and dropping of the commodities and services on sale. The market of a good or service stays negatively affected by an unregulated price increase; in turn, the consumers lose the immediate need, leading to reduced demand for the commodities (Balleerm et al., 2020). The overly priced things have their prices reduced by regulating the production cost. The regulation of the production cost leads to an affordable final product causing a sudden increase in demand for the good. With increased demand, the production team strives to adapt optimum systems by supplying just enough commodities to meet the high demand rate.
Competition in the marketplace promotes better quality goods and service providers as businesses strive to obtain and keep customers. Therefore, with worthy alternatives offering similar but better consumer-oriented commodities, an organization’s supply and demand vary (Ali et al., 2018). The typical scenario is when another emerging organization offers goods and services to the consumers at friendly terms and prices—the demand and supply rise when an organization provides better quality and low-priced commodities. However, the businesses that offer the same goods and services without betterment incur losses as the demand and supply in a market system diminishes drastically.
The financial stability and status of the consumers influence the direction of drift in a business setup. The buyers’ employment status directly contributes to the number of financial muscles needed to access essential commodities. Job opportunities cause consumers to have a good income, resulting in improved purchasing ability in the marketplace (Gopinath, 2020). The customers purchase items and access services when they have financial stability. In addition, when the credit level is high, the buying ability is positively influenced because the amount of loans availed by financial bodies is increased. Therefore, with access to sufficient income and credit, the demand for commodities goes up and the supply to the market. However, when there is low income and credit level, consumers will have low purchase power, leading to a decrease in the demand and supply of goods and services required.
The socio-economic and religious beliefs lead to widespread indulgence in certain activities during the current seasons. The most common seasons influencing the demand and supply of specific commodities include the national celebrations and the start and end of year celebrations, where many individuals participate. Weather patterns contribute to the market and collection of items required to better living conditions during unstable environmental conditions. For instance, during the end-of-year Christmas celebration, massive gifts purchase also transpires the purchase of warm clothing results from the shallow temperatures in the winter season (Kharfan, Chan & Firdolas, 2021). In conclusion, cultural seasons and weather patterns influence the demand for certain goods and services. Therefore, increased demand and supply of the commodities and services rise to meet the need for goods in each specific season. However, when the season elapses, the market of season-based items drastically falls, leading to a reduction in supply.
The media and societal perception influence the trends and preferences of goods and services. Through social media and advertisement platforms, influential individuals in society fuel the change in perception and desire to accommodate various goods and services (Jawaid & Karim, 2021). The targeted consumers tend to adopt the new trends in society for the desire for status. There is a high demand for commodities and services considered fashionable in the present times; this results in an increased supply for customer satisfaction; when a new trend overwhelms the market, the earlier produced products lose taste to the consumers, leading to low demand and supply in avoidance of losses.
The available potential buyers determine the size of the market present for goods and services. When the consumers are high in numbers, the demand for commodities directly increases and the supply adjusted to rising, meeting the needs of the consumers (Hobbs, 2020). For a relatively small consumer market, the demand remains low, whereas the supply tends to reduce relative to low numbers of consumers. The economy fosters a large consumer market, and it deteriorates with supply and demand when the consumer market is small.
References
Ali, S. M., Rahman, M. H., Tumpa, T. J., Rifat, A. A. M., & Paul, S. K. (2018). Examining price and service competition among retailers in a supply chain under potential demand disruption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 40, 40-47. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698917304137
Balleer, A., Link, S., Menkhoff, M., & Zorn, P. (2020). Demand or supply? Price adjustment during the Covid-19 pandemic. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3642392
Cohan, P. S. (2020). Groceries. In Goliath Strikes Back (pp. 71-87). Apress, Berkeley, CA. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4842-6519-2_5
Feigenbaum, H. B. (2017). The Politics of Public Enterprise. Princeton University Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400886210/html
Gopinath, G. (2020). Limiting the economic fallout of the coronavirus with primarily targeted policies. Mitigating the COVID financial crisis: Act fast and do whatever it takes, 41-48. https://www.gremihs.com/sitges/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVIDEconomicCrisis.pdf#page=48
Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d’agroeconomie, 68(2), 171-176. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cjag.12237
Jawaid, M. H., & Karim, E. (2021). Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior in E-Commerce Business during Outbreak of Covid-19: A Case Study on Top E-Commerce Websites. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/110476
Kharfan, M., Chan, V. W. K., & Firdolas Efendigil, T. (2021). A data-driven forecasting approach for newly launched seasonal products by leveraging machine-learning strategies. Annals of Operations Research, 303(1), 159-174. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10479-020-03666-w
Perkis, D. F. (2021). The Science of Supply and Demand. Page One Economics®. https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/page1-econ/2021/03/01/the-science-of-supply-and-demand?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=202103ResearchNewsletter&utm_content=202103ResearchNewsletter+CID_2ab321aa6ad501a25d8257b5719a853d&utm_source=Researchnewsletter&utm_term=PageOneEconomics
Family Health Assessment Essay Example For College
The Social Determinants of Health (SDOHs) have a tremendous impact on individuals’ health and well-being. Social determinants refer to the environmental conditions surrounding where individuals are born, live, learn, play, work, age, and worship (Palmer et al., 2019). The social determinants of health are grouped into five domains. The domains include; social and community, education access, economic stability, healthcare access, and neighborhood and environment built (Palmer et al., 2019). Firstly, the social and community domain entails people’s interactions and socializing lifestyles. This domain influences peoples’ identified living styles and their health education. The second domain on education access outlines peoples’ lives, health education status, and opportunities. The third domain on healthcare access identifies the health care services for the people in society. The health domain entails the peoples’ ability to access affordable quality medical services in clinics, hospitals for their well-being and family (Falkner, 2018). The other domain on economic stability enables the family to earn stable wages that support their health needs’ expenses. Lastly, the neighborhood and built environment create surroundings and environments that foster family health and safety. This paper examines the SDOH’s impact on family lives, health, and strategies for family health promotion to a greater extent.
Impact of SDOH’s on Family Health
The family I interviewed reside in a friendly neighborhood where they quickly access education, health services, and marketplaces. The children can get education in a nearby school and access health education. Generally, the entire family is well equipped with health education. The family is close to a health facility where they receive checkups and medications through an insurance cover. The family also has access to a marketplace that enables them to acquire health foodstuff for their balanced diet. Both the father and mother are employed, allowing them to cater to their healthy foodstuffs and insurance covers. One of the health challenges in the family is the health status of the grandmother. However, the family can cater for her medical bills and a balanced diet for her immunity status. Another issue is the stressful working conditions for the parents, the long working hours with minimum rest. This family frequently consults on their emotional and physical well-being in the nearby clinic. The family mother is well-informed about health issues, and she can cook for the family a balanced diet. Further, being a nurse, she can determine the health status in cases of illness in the family. Moreover, it is privileged to engage in family exercise routines with neighbors during evenings and weekends. The children are always informed about good nutrition and family rules. Family rules influence their healthy lifestyles, such as washing hands and eating fruits.
Appropriate Age for Family Screening
Health screening for families is significant in all ages, depending on the tests required. Screening can be done by an individual or prescriptions of a physician performing the process. Health screening entails early detention and frequent monitoring of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, strokes, and heart attacks (Maruish, 2017). Screening in family health assessment offers a piece of mind to individuals’ health status. According to Falkner (2018), various health screening tests are done daily, monthly, or yearly. They include; blood pressure, flu, height and weight, and cholesterol tests. The two children in the family need eye checkups to determine their sight to improve their performance in school. Additionally, the children need hearing tests to detect a hearing problem. Generally, the family needs blood screening to examine bacterial infections that can cause illnesses. The grandmother should have an annual checkup to test diabetes and pressure. The parents need regular checkups on their mental state to examine existing challenges likely to trigger depressions. Regular health checkups identify the early signs and symptoms that need detection for treatment during screening (Maruish, 2017). The family’s education level will help the screener conduct the health assessment through question and answer sessions.
Health Model for Action Plan
The socio-ecological model was created to examine disease prevention strategies and screening for disease detection (Kilanowski, 2017). According to Kilanowski (2017), this model examines the behavioral and psychological theory. It teaches individuals behavioral change for health safety and improvements. It identifies the interactions between the health nurses and the patients to increase interactions in their health treatment procedures. Typically, family health status influences individual behavior to a greater extent. About the Virginia family, the model will impact the family’s behavior to improve their health. The model will help the parents assess the health of the children and the older person through screening. The model will help the family adopt healthy behaviors such as sticking to a balanced diet for the family’s nutrition status. Frequent checkups are influential to the family’s nutritional status through tests conducted (Kilanowski, 2017). This model will teach the family the importance of exercising regularly and balanced diets to minimize disease infestation. Notably, this family needs an action plan to assess their health promotion. According to Kilanowski (2017), the first level of the model is the individual step that deals with an individual’s skills and knowledge. The second level is the interpersonal step, concerned with an individuals’ relation with others. The next is the organizational level that handles different communal sectors. Lastly, the public policy level entails governing bodies that help disease prevention.
References
Falkner A. (2018). Health Promotion: Health & Wellness across the Continuum. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/
Kilanowski, J. F. (2017). Breadth of the socio-ecological model. Journal of Agromedicine, 22(4), 295-297.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019). Social determinants of health: future directions for health disparities research. American journal of public health, 109(S1), S70-S71.
Maruish, M. E. (Ed.). (2017). Handbook of psychological assessment in primary care settings. Taylor & Francis.
Fieldwork Study On Political Mobilization In Russia Writing Sample
Background of study
“Political mobilization” is a construct greatly analyzed in public life when people attempt to be active in events in the current environment. One of these challenges is the de-nuclearization of the world’s arsenals. Putting the current regime’s legitimacy into question is yet another option to consider. Political mobilization is the study of how and to what extent groups are politically or electorally mobilized to influence who rules and how they rule in a democratic society. It is also known as “political participation.” In addition, the ruling elite attempts to rally the populace behind the government. The term “political mobilization” is frequently heard in sociology and political sociology. It has been used to investigate social, national, and electoral movements, among other things. To oppose a government, their perception is either beholden to special interests or intrinsically oppressive. Populism seeks to unite people as individuals rather than as members of specific socioeconomic groups, which is one of its goals. Effective political mobilization is limited due to the state’s attempts to restrict the number of resources. Some characteristics that distinguish a successful politician include charismatic leadership abilities, financial resources, political networks, a recognizable symbol, and personal passion for the cause. It is difficult for political mobilization to succeed if these components are not present and functioning. An authoritarian regime can be overthrown by political mobilization, an integral part of a healthy democracy. Anti-colonial national movements and historic revolutions utilized it. It has played an essential role in modern social movements. Extremist right reactionaries used mass mobilization. Fascism in Italy and Germany arose from popular mobilization. It belonged to a democratic and popular era, which reactionaries despised. Fascism praised mass mobilization and sustained it symbolically through public theatre.
Problem of statement
Russia made considerable progress toward democratization in the 1990s, but many observers believe that Vladimir Putin’s ascension to rule in 1999-2000 stopped such progress. During this period, the State Duma became increasingly controlled by government-approved parties, gubernatorial elections were abolished, and the government secured possession of crucial news outlets and businesses, particularly in the energy industry. While repressing the insurgency in the North Caucasus, critics claim that the Putin regime has demonstrated a disregard for the rule of law and human rights in the process. Following the election of Dmitry Medvedev, a long-time Putin protege, Medvedev commissioned Putin as Prime Minister and carried out Putin’s objectives for the country’s development. In August 2008, the Medvedev-Putin “tandem” launched military operations against Georgia and recognized the independence of breakaway regions South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The move drew widespread condemnation around the world. Putin was re-elected President of Russia by an overwhelming margin in March 2012. Dmitry Medvedev was approved as Prime Minister by the Russian parliament in May 2012, following Vladimir Putin’s inauguration as President. Following the implementation of these measures, international involvement in Russia’s concerns has further aided Russia’s political mobilization.
Objectives of the study
- To determine the participation of Russians in the current political mobilization.
- To determine the impacts of the mobilization on the people of Russia
Research questions
- How do people participate in the current political mobilization in Russia?
- Does the political environment in Russia allow individuals to take part in mobilization openly?
- Has anyone observed economic or social change for people in society after other persons engaged in political mobilization?
Research questions
Formulation of a hypothesis shall be possible by analyzing diverse views of political mobilization in Russia. The following hypothesis shall guide the research:
H1: Political mobilization in Russia is impossible since the current administration eliminated democracy
H2: Political mobilization in Russia is possible since the current administration can integrate democracy for the benefit of its citizens
Literature review
According to the scholar Finch, since Vladimir Putin’s re-election, the Kremlin’s leadership has been more hostile towards the West and the US in particular. The Russian leadership appears to feel the West, particularly the United States, poses a significant threat to the system and has taken steps to put the country on a war footing. Officially, the Kremlin wants the Russian people to believe their country is under siege from external and domestic foes (by Western-sponsored opposition forces). The Western/American strategy, according to the narrative, is to weaken Russia with various weapons, including economic, political, intellectual, spiritual, technological, and military (Finch, 2019). Kremlin authorities claim the US is battling to keep the unipolar global security model, which gives the US a global security mandate. They claim that since the end of the Cold War, the US has worked hard to prevent Russia from regaining excellent power status.
According to Soviet/Russian military and political affairs specialist Dr. Stephen Blank, along with the stated goal of rallying against external threats, is the purpose of staying in power. Both plans are mutually beneficial. Today, the regime drives legitimacy not from the bottom up, through elections, but from the top down, by keeping the country at war. I liked the comment of the author that Putin is a celebrity, not a board chair. As a result of the shifting power balance, the elites have become more dependent on the President. The Kremlin leadership has organized Russian society to combat what the author has referred to as “perpetual war.” Russian strategic philosophy now holds that war and peace are interchangeable. In realpolitik, countries are always in competition. This is a win-lose model. Mobilization is used to better prepare a nation for war and deflect domestic criticism. As shown by operations in Ukraine and Syria, the Russian military has improved combat preparedness during the last decade. Having had some success in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria, the Kremlin will likely continue to bolster their armed forces. Greater military strength may translate into a greater willingness to use power when Russian interests are challenged.
Following the scholar Kazachuk, the recent military reform initiatives have focused on building a sustainable military reserve that could be mobilized in a war situation. Aside from preparing the military, Russian society has embraced a mobilization attitude. Russian society has become warier of impending warfare and increased military readiness rhetoric. Much like many Americans, many Russians are mentally prepared for war today. Soviets no longer believe conflict is an option and may even be desirable. The ramifications of this mobilization-mania are clear. Russia would have been unthinkable to battle its Ukrainian neighbor (Kazachuk, 362). However, recent polls show that roughly many Russians now see Ukraine as a threat. In November 2015, Turkey shot down a Russian plane for violating airspace, demonstrating the potential to mobilize the Russian information sphere and turn a friendly neighbor hostile. Russia’s Kremlin-friendly media went on an all-out attack against Turkey. Military and patriotic education for Russian youngsters has increased significantly. Russian kids can now study the basics of solidarity from a young age. The Kremlin utilizes schools to teach students that foes have besieged their country throughout history and that existence depends on powerful armed forces. The Russian Orthodox Church has been mobilized to aid the Kremlin’s struggle against the materialist and immoral West on the spiritual and ideological front.
Methodology
The research process shall integrate qualitative methods of interviews and observation since they allow the collection of first-hand data. Since the study integrates fieldwork, the qualitative methods chosen are accurate. It shall be possible to integrate one-on-one conversations with persons suitable for the research by only selecting interested participants. There shall be a spontaneous method of collecting data from the interview procedure once the methods suggested get used. Organization of data in the research shall be possible by recording all data from unstructured interviews using audios after clients provide informed consent to participate in the research. The use of discussion sessions where participant data gets used to create discussions is valid in improving quality during research. Observation methods accurate for the research are covert and passive observations since they are robust qualitative research methods structured to improve accuracy during research.
Since some participants might not be available for face-to-face interactions, it shall be possible to use virtual ethnography that improves data collection over the internet. The use of emails to invite participants for the research is accurate, and it shall be possible to target persons experienced in political mobilization. Once the targeted individuals confirm participation, it shall be possible to interact with them on an online platform like MyBB.
The most appropriate procedures for this study were an unstructured interview with participants, discussions with them, passive and covert observations, and questioning techniques. As a result of the methods, my study would be much more manageable. Conversation and rigorous interviews would allow me to create a personal relationship with my interviewers, increasing my chances of collecting accurate and timely information. While conducting my research, I also would consider the previously mentioned literature. There are many peer-reviewed documents that analyze political mobilization, some of which integrate current research methods and others analyze how to generate political balance. It shall be imperative to conduct a literature review using appropriate keywords directed at learning how the topic has valid data.
Anticipated results
According to the information I gathered from the interviews, the vast majority of Russians are involved in political mobilization through social media, demonstrations, and other public meetings held regularly. The educational systems in Russia have also provided the people with the opportunity to sow the seeds of mobilization among the school-age population. According to the interviewed experts, Russian leaders’ efforts to isolate society from decision-making pose a significant risk of systemic collapse in ways that were not expected. When it comes to policymaking in Russia, it is frequently based on the leadership’s best judgment as to what society would tolerate and what it will not tolerate, with a high likelihood of miscalculation due to the severely weak institutions for interest representation and negotiated compromise in the Russian system.
In my fieldwork, I may encounter several challenges that might contribute to wrong information, such as the participants not being willing to give the information, accessing the participant for observation, and the questions’ appropriateness of the questions asked. To mitigate this, I would first ensure the confidentiality of my interviewers to gain their trust. Secondly, I would reach out to the participants and ask them to be monitored by explaining the study’s main aim. Lastly, I would formulate questions that are non-offending to the participants since some may get emotionally involved. My primary data source for the analysis will be individuals who support the political mobilization in Russia and the protestants in different community backgrounds; this would enable me to develop the most real positive and negative impacts imposed on the individuals or a community as a whole.
The process of forming an analytical report for the research shall be valid by the integration of data collected from all participants. Once the records get attained, the use of the qualitative analysis method will be imperative for the procedure. It shall be possible to create interconnections between the patterns formed in the research procedure by learning how political mobilization methods got integrated into the social environment.
Recommendations
Interviewing persons in government positions is imperative since they shall provide accurate information concerning how the political environment operates. Since Russians resorted to using social media to engage in political mobilization, it is valid to integrate non-conventional methods of seeking information from the country’s citizens. Analysis of data from blogs, peer-review journals, and interviewing demonstrators shall be factual in connection with information involved in the country’s political construct. Integration of educational systems’ techniques is valid in creating an in-depth understanding of how political mobilization creates change in people’s mentality and distribution of resources for the ultimate development of a country.
Interview questions
- Does the Russian government interfere with citizens’ right to protest when they notice unfair scenarios in the political environment?
- Have there been any political changes once people demonstrate again unethical, unfair, and unconstitutional activities performed by the government?
- Do political groups in the government allow the formation of ideas directed at solving the majority of public issues?
- How does the Russian educational system allow citizens to get improved in historical knowledge and the formation of ideas to solve current issues?
- Does the government base its policymaking procedures to research conducted by experienced persons?
- Are there opportunities for government officials to enhance leadership by developing policies directed at promoting change?
- Is there support for political change in the Russian government in terms of resources and how officials handle change?
- Is it possible for normal members of society to get their voices heard by persons in leadership positions without demonstrating?
- Does political hostility affect the Russian economy?
- Does the Russian political system integrate ideas from world leaders to promote accurate handling of the country’s internal affairs?
Work Cited
Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Peter Haslinger. “Political Mobilization in East Central Europe.” Nationalities Papers 45.3 (2017): 337-344.
Finch, Ray. “THE MOBILIZATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY.” THE RUSSIAN MILITARY IN CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE, edited by Stephen J. Blank, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2019, pp. 249–64, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep20098.10.
Kozachuk, Oleh. “Political mobilization of Russian Speakers as a challenge for Ukraine’s ethnic policy?” Ante Portas–Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem 2 (2016): 361-380.
Tsygankov, Andrei P., ed. Routledge Handbook of Russian foreign policy. Routledge, 2018.