One of the most important goals of nurses is to contribute to positive changes in patients’ lifestyles, as well as to the improvement of their health behaviors. Much attention should be paid to motivating individuals to follow a healthy lifestyle or make necessary adjustments because of certain conditions (Carr, 2017). The reason is that such changes need to be part of patients’ treatment plans. In this case, nurses are expected to serve as both educators for patients and role models who can demonstrate the benefits of making required adjustments.
The key elements that are critical for motivating patients to change their behaviors and address health goals include support, illustration, and evidence. It is important to demonstrate support for clients when educating them on a new health behavior to adopt. Furthermore, it is also necessary to illustrate the desired and expected changes in a patient’s health with the help of case studies in order to explain what negative and positive outcomes can be achieved (Huston, 2019). Finally, it is also required to base arguments on scientific evidence that should be effectively explained to clients because nurses represent the bridge between a patient and scientific literature.
Moreover, nurses should involve family members in stimulating patients to change their daily practices. The assistance and support of relatives are critical because they can also become involved in adopting new health behaviors. In these cases, the chances to achieve positive outcomes for a patient are high (Huston, 2019). If family members do not understand the importance of changing lifestyles and providing help to individuals with certain illnesses, patients can experience significant stress and barriers. Therefore, nurses should communicate with family representatives to resolve these issues.
References
Carr, D. D. (2017). Motivational interviewing supports patient centered-care and communication. Journal of the New York Nurses Association, 45(1), 39-43.
Huston, C. J. (2019). Professional issues in nursing: Challenges and opportunities (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
“The Old Man And The Sea” By Ernest Hemmingway
The novel The Old Man and the Sea by Hemmingway is among his most significant writings. The author explores plenty of themes that are still relevant nowadays. Hemmingway forces his reader to reflect throughout the whole narrative, making him or her emphatic with aspirations, struggles, and achievements of the protagonist. It might seem that the novel contains a never-ending question on whether a human is able to create his or her luck or not. In this paper, the analysis of the story, as well as its primary themes, will be discussed.
Conventionally, the composition of the story can be divided into three parts: an older man and a boy, an older man at the sea, and the protagonist’s return home. On the character of Santiago, all compositional elements are formed. The annular frame of the composition is the older man’s departure to the sea and his return. The primary feature of the story is that it is saturated with the internal monologues of the protagonist and even dialogues with himself.
The central issue of the narrative may be defined as an assessment of human will, character, and faith. Moreover, the author creatively raises the topic of whether people are capable of making their own luck. Hemmingway also addresses the themes of loneliness and human destiny, which gives the story some kind of majesty and mystery. The author aims to show the person in the struggle against nature itself, its creatures and elements, as well as the man’s overcoming of his weaknesses. A massive layer of the author’s philosophy is drawn in the story clearly: an elderly was born to pursue a goal that became his obsession. After achieving the latter, he obtained the deserved happiness and calmness (Hemingway, p. 48). Here, Hemmingway might attempt to tell a reader that the essence of nature is concealed in the fact that everything in it has a purpose. The main aspiration of a human is never to stop searching and fighting for this purpose, remaining calm and harmonized with the gifts of nature.
Hemingway wisely depicts a person’s achievement of dreams and what follows afterwards. The massive marlin is the essential trophy for Santiago – it is a proof that this man won the battle of life. The fact that Santiago got this trophy despite difficulties, tests, and obstacles brought happiness and satisfaction to the protagonist. A dream that came with sweat and blood is the biggest reward for Santiago. Although sharks ate the wished marlin, there is quite an apparent victory – of both physical and moral character – over circumstances (Hemingway, p. 40). The personal triumph of an elderly fisherman and the recognition of society are the most substantial rewards for Santiago.
To conclude, The Old Man and the Sea may be considered as a remarkable piece of writing. The discussed above themes demonstrate a lot of ideas and occasions that reflect the compliance of a human being. However, with the development of the plot, the reader might obtain the thought that humans are prone to overcome any hardships and issues that may occur. The critical point here is that a person should identify his or her purpose and try to achieve it stubbornly and insistently. In the story of Santiago, Hemingway reveals how luck is made indeed. It is a product of people’s tenacious efforts, never-ending struggle, and appropriate state of mind, according to which everything is possible.
Work Cited
Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. Life, 1952. Asiaing.com, Web.
American Football As A Popular Kind Of Sport In The US
American football is a popular kind of sport in the United States, but it does not mean that it is free from any disadvantages. A severe issue refers to the fact that professional players are often subject to health problems, which deteriorates the quality of their lives. These adverse consequences explain the presence of critics and experts who claim that football should be banned to protect public health.
The idea above is not new, and multiple scientific studies address it. Thus, the given annotated bibliography will cover four sources that present useful data regarding the issue under consideration. These sources include one book, one newspaper article, one scholarly journal article, and one magazine article. The given studies offer credible and reliable evidence regarding the negative effect of American football on professional players’ health and well-being.
The authors include employees of the University of South Florida and the University of South Carolina. Chapter 1 of the book discusses the relation between American football and brain injuries from a historical perspective. According to the researchers, this sport was dangerous for its first players, resulting in many head and neck injuries. Furthermore, Bell et al. offer statistical evidence and credible citations to demonstrate that football fatalities were typical in the 20th century (6). The authors inform readers that the National Football League (NFL) has implemented multiple rule changes to make this sport less dangerous, but they will hardly cope with this task.
Bry is a regular contributor to The Guardian, who has written many articles on different topics, and the dangerous nature of football is among them. The author begins by describing how brain injuries develop to highlight that no protective equipment can help players escape severe harm and tries to persuade that football should be abolished. Bry offers opposing arguments, stating that individuals voluntarily involve in this activity, which denotes that they accept possible risks. However, the scientist shows that the gambling industry and fans have turned football in a famous entertainment, which subjects its participants to potential danger. Bry concludes that eliminating the helmets would make this sport safer, but it will not happen.
A cohort of experienced and professional researchers has written this scholarly article. It represents analyzed data of 202 deceased football players from a brain donation program. The authors aim to identify whether there is a connection between playing American football and the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The obtained results allowed the authors to conclude that CTE pathology is related to participation in American football. Furthermore, Mez et al. offer more than 30 scientific references to inform the intended audience about other harmful effects of this sport on athletes. The presence of statistical data and reliable sources eliminate the necessity to consider opposing arguments.
The author of this current magazine article shows that American football is dangerous because it results in many health issues. In addition to CTE, this kind of sport leads to depression, cognitive impairment, and other damage types. Simultaneously, Wetsman presents an opposing point of view, stating that there is insufficient scientific evidence to claim that American football should be banned. Even though the scientist does not offer a univocal claim to justify the abolishment of this kind of sport, the provided evidence is sufficient to prevent kids and youngsters from playing it. This thought demonstrates that this objective information is intended for the general audience to inform them of possible dangers.
Works Cited
Bell, Travis. R., et al. CTE, Media, and the NFL: Framing a Public Health Crisis as a Football Epidemic. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019.
Bry, Dave. “American Football Is Too Dangerous, and It Should Be Abolished.” The Guardian, 2016, Web.
Mez, Jesse, et al. “Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football.” JAMA, vol. 318, no. 4, 2017, pp. 360-370.
Wetsman, Nicole. “We Have no Idea How Dangerous Football Really Is.” Popular Science, 2020, Web.