Over the course of its performance, Nokia has proven itself to be a reliable and innovative organization. Currently, Nokia is in a rather harsh environment, mostly due to the need to compete against highly proficient companies that have already established themselves and captured the target market. Therefore, the current organizational design that Nokia has been using to advance in the global economy has been chosen to ensure that the firm remains competitive (Lamberg et al., 2021). Consequently, the application of the organizational design structure, which provides maximum flexibility and opportunities for rapid adjustment, is fully justified, yet it needs to be updated in order to reflect the increasing diversity of the target market.
Governance Structure Internal and External Controls
To remain competitive, Nokia also needs to monitor the external environment closely while paying attention to the changes taking place within the organizational setting. For this purpose, the current governance structure of the company is geared toward managing core processes on a corporate level, while allowing local issues to be addressed by managers Lamberg et al., 2021 (Ruiz-Canela López, 2021). The specified approach rooted in the Laissez-Faire Leadership style invites multiple opportunities for encouraging innovation and unique solutions (Lamberg et al., 2021). As for the external controls, Nokia utilizes the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) framework, which implies reporting based on monitoring, control activities, risk assessment, and objective setting (Ruiz-Canela López, 2021). Likewise, the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) framework helps Nokia implement IT governance within its structure (Ruiz-Canela López, 2021). The described solutions help the company assess the target setting and make decisions based on specific circumstances.
Why it Might be a Problem for the Organization
However, even with its effective and elaborate framework, Nokia has been facing certain difficulties in navigating the global market. Specifically, the necessity to align the company’s framework with the changes within the global market and the emergent needs of its diverse customers has recently appeared (Lamberg et al., 2021). In turn, the approach designed by Nokia, while allowing enough flexibility, did not suggest the active use of cross-cultural collaboration and the development of cultural competence in managers (Lamberg et al., 2021). As a result, integrating a framework that would help Nokia adjust to the changing market and the increasing diversity of its customers has appeared, defining the further updates to be made to Nokia’s governance structure, as well as its internal and external controls.
How the Problem Might Affect the Strategy of the Organization
The problem in question, namely, the lack of preparedness toward the drastic changes that the global market with its increasing diversity has entailed, is likely to affect Nokia’s business strategy significantly. Namely, Nokia will need to introduce cross-cultural learning and the development of cultural competence into its organizational framework, which will require more rigid control over the corporate structure and decision-making (Ruiz-Canela López, 2021). However, the specified issue implies creating a contradiction since the enhancement of control is incongruent with the company’s current emphasis on flexibility and the laissez-faire approach to leadership (Ruiz-Canela López, 2021). Thus, Nokia is likely to encounter several major problems when adjusting its governance structure, as well as its external and internal analysis, toward the current market setting.
Conclusion
Though Nokia’s present approach toward building its corporate governance strategy is justified by the necessity to encompass the external and internal issues, the need to incorporate diverse solutions into the company’s performance requires a shift to a more diverse and multifaceted approach. Therefore, the organization will need to deviate from the horizontal framework that it has been using in its governance structure so far and incorporate the elements of the vertical paradigm. Thus, premises for diversity will be created.
References
Lamberg, J. A., Lubinaitė, S., Ojala, J., & Tikkanen, H. (2021). The curse of agility: The Nokia Corporation and the loss of market dominance in mobile phones, 2003–2013. Business History, 63(4), 574-605.
Ruiz-Canela López, J. (2021). How can enterprise risk management help in evaluating the operational risks for a telecommunications company? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(3), 139.
The Big Data Phenomenon And Security Issues
In an era of intense technological progress, much attention has begun to be paid to the phenomenon of big data as a promising new idea for organizing and processing data. A reference to Figure 1 shows that public interest in the topic of big data has become exceptionally high in the last decade, which means that more and more users are becoming involved in this terminology. In general terms, big data should be understood as continuously increasing data sets of the same context that can be collected and presented in different formats. There is no universal definition of big data in research, as its use varies greatly depending on the scientific field and its application value. Suvarnamukhi and Seshashayee define big data as “a field related to the analysis and processing of large information that is available from various sources,” and this interpretation of the phenomenon is similar to the one above (Suvarnamukhi & Seshashayee, 2018, p. 712). Another study reports that big data is “a revolutionary concept to analyze the data to get accurate results and analysis in the interest of humans in many fields” (Desai, 2018, p. 737). Thus, a typical pattern in the definition of the term is that big data allows for processing digital data of gigantic volumes to manage it effectively.
With such volumes of data, processing strategies become critically important. A practical solution is the strategy of parallel processing, in which several computing devices are involved in the simultaneous execution of several fragments of the same program — this allows to save time on processing significantly. For example, while the concept of big data is applicable to electronic medical records, parallel processing of clinical data allows fragmenting the overall task into an analysis of patient personal data patterns, research into the financial stability of the institution, HRM, strategic planning, and a number of other micro-tasks that big data helps manage. Understandably, delegating tasks increases cybersecurity concerns because it naturally creates the need for greater access to strategically important data, increasing the risks of human and technical errors (Le et al., 2018). That is, in fact, cybersecurity is rendered vulnerable in a parallel data processing environment because it creates an open system that is prone to cyberattacks and internal errors.
Data collection and processing are not always unified because data can exist in unstructured and structured forms. Unstructured data is data that is placed in repositories (data lakes) being unclassified, unordered, and collected from receiving devices “as is.” This type of data is not grouped into formats or categories, so repositories end up with data of different forms that are technically difficult to analyze without prior preparation. For example, if a user’s entire email archive is unloaded as textual information, such data will not be structured, though it is strictly textual. The opposite is structured data, which is classified and ordered, usually by highly organized tables. The search function is easy in an array of such data, and the individual component is semantic and meaningful. Data structured in the form of tables, charts, and diagrams are much easier to use for subsequent analysis and easier to perceive in processing.
This classification can be extended by adding the terms “repeating” and “non-repeating” data. In general, repeating data should be defined as any big data, whether structured or unstructured, that tends to repeat over time. For example, repeating unstructured data is data coming from sensors of electronic devices. In contrast to such unstructured but repetitive data, there are also non-repeating data that are unique in themselves — for example, elements of business correspondence or images. By analogy, structured, repetitive data is any highly organized array of data that can be collected systematically, such as quarterly payroll data for employees of the same company. In this case, structured but non-repeatable data could be, for example, the names of employees in a company’s database because they retain the uniqueness requirements and are organized at the same time.
Each of the data types described has business value. Structured and unstructured repeating data allows you to track business dynamics, while non-repeating data can be used to summarize all company data (all employees in an organization) and form a single database. Meanwhile, big data is associated with cybersecurity risks (Maayan, 2020). This refers to the likely threats of DDoS attacks and any malware that aims to steal data; understandably, the loss of an organization’s strategic data can be a crisis for the organization. The lack of structure in data also increases vulnerability to cyberattacks (Kish, 2019). In particular, the chaos of unstructured data makes it more difficult to protect data and use unified security domains.
During the processing of big data, three processes should be distinguished, which are summarized by the acronym ETL: extracting, transforming, and loading. The first phase, extracting, consists of obtaining data from external electronic devices. This is followed by the second phase, transforming, during which extracted data is converted and cleaned into a usable format for further use in business projects. Finally comes the download phase, during which the information is uploaded to repositories and other repositories to remain there until claimed; only the portion of the data that has been transformed in the previous phase is downloaded. There are several advantages to such a three-stage system, as it allows data to be extracted from multiple sources at once, conveniently tailored to business needs, and consistent use of computing power; meanwhile, ETL is also associated with a number of risks (Etleap, 2022). In particular, ETL is quite resource-intensive and difficult to adapt to changes since any transformations at one level affect the others.
References
Desai, P. V. (2018). A survey on big data applications and challenges [PDF document]. Web.
Etleap. (2022). Analyst-friendly and maintenance-free ETL. Web.
Kish, D. (2019). The truth about unstructured data. Security Magazine. Web.
Le, D. N., Khari, M., & Chetterjee, J. M. (2018). Cyber security in parallel and distributed computing [PDF document]. Web.
Maayan, G. D. (2020). Big data security: Challenges and solutions. Dataversity. Web.
Suvarnamukhi, B., & Seshashayee, M. (2018). Big data concepts and techniques in data processing. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 6(10), 712-714.
Solutions To Problems Of Undocumented Immigrants In Texas
Introduction
There are millions of immigrants across the United States, some being legal immigrants while others are illegal. This has created serious concern in the United States government. Illegal immigrants have been a significant problem facing the United States and caused a global uproar. They have been subjected to hostilities from the American authorities, which have worked against the immigrants by frustrating them in many ways. They include unwarranted arrests, denial of employment opportunities, education, and subjection to police brutality. The problem of illegal immigrants is of acute concern to American society because of the potential economic consequences.
The problem of undocumented immigrants has led to massive losses because this category of citizens does not pay taxes. Berger et al. (550) believes that “hostilities have mainly faced the undocumented immigrants who live in the United States legally but have not been recorded in the American society as immigrants or citizens of America”. Thus, the author concludes that the immigrant problem has specifically affected the government’s decisions regarding the economic freedoms of its citizens. This problem has specifically affected the federal government’s planning for the population, and therefore, they must address it immediately. The government is expected to take drastic measures, among them the expansion of quotas at the expense of U.S. citizens. This will lead to a clash of dissenting taxpayers, and those who agree will probably not be found except for the supporters of liberalism and globalism.
Health Insurance
One solution to the problems is to provide programs that will provide health insurance services for immigrant children. Many undocumented immigrants do not qualify for public health services. Alamilo et al. (150) suggest that “providing health insurance services for children through Children’s Health Insurance will solve the problem of suffering and deaths of immigrant children in the United States. It is likely to allow complete access to health care among children. Alamilo et al. (151) argued that it would solve childhood illnesses because of the availability of subsidized programs. However, this has not been achieved because of stringent health care measures in the United States. Adjustments would contribute to the success of this program by giving immigrants a chance to access subsidized health care.
Social Security
Another solution to the problem of undocumented immigrants is the provision of social security. As Raghvan (489) rightly notes, “provision of retirement benefits and other forms of income to the families and the vulnerable populations to help them afford to live better lives. He notes that creating particular organizations and groups could help solve the problem of distance from American society. Raghvan (491) believes that the federal government’s involvement would contribute to a high standard of living for vulnerable immigrant groups and support them. The challenge on this has been the unwillingness of the immigrants to register themselves for the services. They should be encouraged to enroll themselves in these programs to improve their lives to address this.
Government Role
State Economic
The federal government can provide temporary employment opportunities to the undocumented immigrants, for example, those in exile and refugees, before they get back to their countries. McBeth and Lybecker (877) suggest that the Texas federal government “should allow the immigrants to participate in the state’s economic development by working for the government. Work permits are a major attribute of this decision because they will provide jobs for immigrants. McBeth and Lybecker (880) argue that the Foreign Office has “central responsibility for this effort, with support from other government departments” on this issue. The authors argue for a transition to a welfare-oriented model of programs that would allow immigrants to earn a legal income (McBeth and Lybecker 881). The challenge of this program is the lack of the appropriate documents necessary to be absorbed into the job market. It can be solved through massive public awareness of the immigrants acquiring the documents.
Urgent Needs
Another assistance that the government can offer to undocumented immigrants is the provision of temporary assistance to the needy and most vulnerable families. “Through its special programs, the government can provide temporary help to less fortunate families” (Autin et al., 605). Free food, housing, and health care would improve immigrants’ quality of life. Autin et al. (605) explain that the role of the government in this is significant, and it is the only way immigrants will achieve well-being. In addition, the temporary government intervention to provide help to them enables the immigrants to plan well on their return journeys back to their homes. The challenge is the lack of proper records on the disadvantaged population. It can be resolved through an enhanced program that will ensure appropriate identification of the needy to address their needs directly.
Driven License
In addition, the Texas federal government can help undocumented immigrants by giving them equal opportunities to obtain a driver’s license. Autin et al. (603) point out that people need access to “appropriate training on driving and be given a chance to have driving licenses to drive vehicles on all American roads.” This would allow one to blend into society and understand the legal aspects of ordinary life. Autin et al. (604) argue that a driver’s license for immigrants is an opportunity to make their lives easier and equal opportunities. The problem with this program is that immigrants do not have the other necessary documents to obtain a driver’s license. The solution to this problem is the unconditional granting of driver’s licenses to avoid disadvantaging immigrants.
Financial Aid
Another critical issue is the education of students who could receive financial aid from the state. According to Autin et al. (605), providing access to general education is the key to potential career advancement. Further, Autin et al. (607) point out that “governments miss out on making the most of their huge investments in the over 100,000 immigrant students. The study cites the high cost and inability to go out of state, which negatively affects the overall level of education in the community. Autin et al. (608) believe that the places provided to the states for immigrants will bring results in the form of qualified employees in the long run. The challenge in implementing this program is the lack of proper records for students, which prevents full access to such services. The solution to this problem is an enhanced program that will ensure outreach to every student.
Results
Over the years, many attempts have been tried out by the federal government of Texas. Berger (551) states that “the government has provided temporary travel visas and work permits”. However, Berger (552) points out that many attempts by the government have not worked, primarily because of the inability to move quickly to public services. The provision of free housing, medicine, and education are economically unprofitable constants, especially given the lack of documentation. The plus side of this solution is the potential benefit in the long run, but the government is not willing to invest. A win solution is social groups that aim to integrate immigrants into U.S. society gradually. A significant disadvantage of this solution is the need for constant monitoring and consideration of many factors to implement. The decision to switch to meeting daily needs will help immigrants much more than getting papers.
In my opinion, to successfully ensure the welfare of undocumented immigrants, instead of arranging documents for them, the government should first take an active role in providing for their daily needs. It is a good strategy because it ensures that immigrants will have access to government services without going through formalities that only work to shorten the process by making it quick. The system can be accomplished in the short term by primary needs-food, water, temporary housing, and in the long term for work and education. It can be achieved by providing the population with education, food, and decent housing to ensure a decent living standard and give immigrants the dignity they deserve as human beings. This action is achievable because it involves only goodwill on the part of the government and the subsequent implementation of decisions. Performance can be achieved by anyone who cares about the globalization of society and the exchange of cultures.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the issue of immigrants in the United States and specifically in Texas has been discussed over a long period. The immigrants have, over time, raised concerns about how they are treated by the government and the people around their places of residence. The federal government of Texas can significantly benefit from the undocumented immigrant issue. This is through providing services that will improve their living standards and ensure they lead a fulfilling life during their stay in Texas. Through enhanced programs to cater to their needs, such immigrants can provide themselves and their families’ access to subsidized healthcare services, schools, employment opportunities, and other services provided by the federal government. Therefore, the federal government should take full responsibility for providing for undocumented immigrants’ needs.
Works Cited
Alamillo, Rudy, et al. “Framing and Immigration through the Trump Era.” Sociology Compass, vol. 13, no. 5, 2019, pp. 126-760. doi:10.1111/soc4.12676.
Autin, Kelsey L. et al. “Career Development Among Undocumented Immigrant Young Adults: A Psychology of Working Perspective.” Journal of Counseling Psychology, vol. 65, no. 5, 2018, pp. 605-617. doi:10.1037/cou0000280.
Berger, Joseph R. et al. “Dialysis for Undocumented Immigrants: Challenges and Solutions.” Kidney360, vol. 1, no. 6, 2020, pp. 549-552. doi:10.34067/KID.0000682020.
McBeth, Mark K., and Donna L. Lybecker. “The Narrative Policy Framework, Agendas, and Sanctuary Cities: The Construction of A Public Problem.” Policy Studies Journal, vol. 46, no. 4, 2018, pp. 868-893. doi:10.1111/psj.12274.
Raghavan, Rajeev. “Caring for Undocumented Immigrants with Kidney Disease.” American journal of kidney diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, vol. 71, no. 4, 2018, pp. 488-494. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.09.011.