OJ Simpson-Guilty or Innocent? The OJ Simpson case is one that has left a stain on law enforcement and put a pock down on the chain of command issues as well as the collection and contamination procedures across the US. Although more than most of the evidence could have put Mr. Simpson in prison for the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman if it had been found to be creditable, the fact that the investigation and collection were so splotchy and unorganized, with evidence being misplaced or lost and entered months later, notes that didn’t match up, and blood evidence that wasn’t properly packaged and secured by procedure.
Just because Common sense tells us by looking at the abundance of evidence brought forward otherwise, for instance, the shoe evidence, the hair evidence, all of the fiber evidence, the typing of the blood matching Simpson’s, the glove evidence, and the fact that they knew Nicole has bought a pair the same brand and size, and the bronco evidence! It all points to Simpson in my opinion. Do I think he worked alone?
Not so much. I think he had a look out. Maybe even a law enforcement lookout. It was well known that OJ and Nicole has marital issues, and that on several occasions the police has been called to the Simpson house because of loud arguments. These arguments were overlooked and no citations were ever written more than likely due to the fame of Mr. Simpson. It was also well known that Mr. Simpson had a bad temper.
The Simpson case was used as a prime example of what not to do in process and procedure of investigation and collection of evidence in a case; especially a high profile case. Do I think OJ did it? Yes. Unfortunately, for the families of Nicole and Ron, the law states that you must prove persons guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and can not be tried for the same crime twice due to double jeopardy laws.
The American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis
The American Dream or an Onion The American Dream is an endless onion. One will find endless layers of the American dream onion to peel back in order to grasp for an unattainable center. Only tears will be achieved from this endless peeling of the onion’s layers. F. Scott Fitzgerald believed this metaphor to be true and that Is evident in his Novel The Great Gatsby and his short story “Winter Dreams. The Illusion and the empty promises of the American dream Is exploited by Fitzgerald In his Novel and short Tory by his exemplary use of symbols, his ability to depict greed and corruption within his characters, and his depiction of the balance of hope. Fitzgerald has an incredible ability to use symbols within his writings to serve as a deeper meaning. In The Great Gatsby the green light and valley of ashes both represent the illusion of the American dream in a different way.
After Nick Caraway had visited his wealthy cousin Daisy and her husband Tom Buchanan, he returned to his West Egg house and noticed his neighbor, Gatsby, reaching for something. Nick glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been at the end of a dock,” (Fitzgerald G 21). Gatsby Is reaching out for this green light because he believes It brings him closer to Daisy. Gatsby thinks that If he could Just have Daisy, his quest for the American dream would be complete.
Fitzgerald uses symbolism to show the maintainability of the American dream with this “minute” “green light” far in the distance by portraying the American dream as always one step ahead and how there is always one more thing to add to the dream. Later in the novel Tom insists that Nick come with him to the Yale club, but they end up departing from the train at an unknown city to Nick. This unknown city was called “the valley of ashes – [which was] as fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat in ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys,” (G 23).
Again Fitzgerald uses the literary device, symbolism, to have the valley of ashes represent or symbolize the unavoidable corruption that comes with the riches Indulgences on material wealth and empty pursuit of the American dream. A common theme throughout The Great Gatsby was that the American dream is an illusion: the valley of ashes fortify this ideal by to be raked up by those below them. With the green light representing the maintainability of the American dream and the valley of ashes symbolizing the corruption of it, Fitzgerald makes the overall illusion of the American dream evident.
Just as in Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, there were two prominent symbols in his “Winter Dreams”: Judo’s Boat and Golf Balls. Towards the middle of the short story everything seems to be going right for Dexter. Everything was going perfectly for Dexter, “for once, he was magnificently attune to life and that everything was radiating a brightness and glamour he may never know again [but then] two white streamers of cleft rolled themselves out drowning out the hot tinkle of the piano in the drone of its spray,” (“WAD” 242).
Just as Dexter has reached what appears to be the pinnacle of the American dream, a new luxury “streams” by “drowning out” all previous success to make room for this new empty pursuit. Fitzgerald motif that the American dream is Just an illusion is reiterated when he uses a boat, driven by Judy, as a symbol for dissatisfaction that a materialistic life can lead to. While Dexter is pursuing wealth and respect, he ends up golfing with his old boss, Mr.. Hart, and a few other respectable gentleman when an unexpected event occurs.
Someone is the distance calls out “Fore,” “and as they all turned abruptly from their search a bright new ball sliced abruptly over the hill and caught Mr.. T. A. Hydride in the abdomen,” (Fitzgerald “WAD” 241). Although in Fitzgerald version of the American dream there is no real threat of physical violence, the golf ball hitting Mr.. Hydride eludes to the aggression that lurks below the surface of the rich and luxurious life style. Fitzgerald uses the “bright new ball” to represent the shiny luxury of the wealthy life style, while the ball hitting Mr..
Hydride represents the inevitable, less glorious side of the American dream in “Winter Dreams. ” Fitzgerald, having Judo’s boat represent the dissatisfaction that the American dream brings and the bright white golf ball represent the aggression that lies beneath the surface of the wealthy life style, is clearly able to use symbolism to show the illusion of the American dream. Tom and Daisy Buchanan from The Great Gatsby are used by Fitzgerald to exemplify the emptiness of the pursuit of the American dream.
Tom Buchanan has everything a man could want, money, a good looking wife, and respect from others, but his mistress always gets in the way of his ultimate happiness. Tom’s wife, Daisy, had a “face [that] was sad and lovely with bright things in it, bright eyes and a bright passionate mouth,” while Tom’s mistress, Myrtle, was a “thick’s figure of a woman faintly stout, but she carried her surplus flesh sensuously as some woman can,” (G 9, 25).
Tom has what some consider a trophy wife with “lovely,” “passionate,” and “bright” features while his mistress is basically fat with her “surplus flesh” and “thick’s figure. ” Fitzgerald uses these two characterizations to show how the pursuit of the American dream is an empty one because no matter how much perfect one’s life may be there is still always something more to add. Later when Jordan suggests that they plan something to do, Daisy Buchannan runs into an internal dilemma. ‘”All right,’ said Daisy, ‘what’s we plan? She turned to me helplessly: ‘what do people plan? ‘” (G 11). The word “helplessly” sums up Daisy’s for a simple afternoon. Fitzgerald uses Daisy as an example of why the pursuit of the American dream is unfulfilled by showing Daisy as helpless even with the phenomenal amount of money she has. Tom and Daisy Buchanan are examples used by Fitzgerald to annunciate the illusion of the American dream by showing them as people who need more once they have it all and as people that have it all, but are not able to do anything with it.
In Fitzgerald “Winter Dreams” his main character, Dexter, supplemented by Judy Jones, is used to demonstrate the hapless hunt for the American dream. Toward the end of the story, as Devoid is talking with Dexter, Dexter makes a discovery. Dexter discovers the miserable state in which his once lover, Judy, lives when Devoid says, “Oh, Luda Simms has gone to pieces in a way. I don’t mean he ill-uses her, but he drinks and runs around,” (“WAD” 253). Judy Jones is seen earlier by most as a magnificent unattainable object, but now she is shown “by Fitzgerald as Judy Simms, a mom who has a drunk as a husband.
Fitzgerald shows that eventually all of Judo’s ills as a person caught up to her; therefore, using Judo’s character development he how’s that however high one gets on the quest for the American dream, the downfall is that much harder. Once Dexter has made this immense discovery about Judy, he has a period of reflection. Dexter “had thought that having nothing else to lose he was invulnerable at last but he knew that he had Just lost something more, as surely as if he had married Judy Jones and seen her fade away before his eyes,” (“WAD” 254).
Judy was the unattainable object that Dexter had given up on achieving, yet when Devoid told him that her looks had “faded,” felt as if he “had married Judy Jones and seen her fade away before his eyes. Fitzgerald uses the fading of Judy Jones as the equivalent to the fading of the American dream for Dexter; therefore, Fitzgerald is showing how the American dream is an illusion by showing how it alluded Dexter and faded right “before his eyes. ” Fitzgerald characters, Dexter and Judy, provide examples of his theme of “Winter Dreams” that the American dream is an illusion.
Fitzgerald believes that hope must be balanced, but believes that the quest for this balance is ultimately a lost cause; he shows this by showing the two extremes of the balance in his two characters from The Great Gatsby, Gatsby and Tom. When Tom is visiting Wilson garage to pick up Myrtle he comments on the scenery. ‘”Terrible place, isn’t it,’ said Tom, exchanging a frown with Doctor Cocklebur,” (G 26). Tom’s exchange with Doctor T. J. Cocklebur and the valley of ashes indirectly shows his lack of hope and faith.
Gatsby, an extremely hopeful person, would look at the scene of the valley of ashes and think of a way to improve it for a profit, but because Tom was born into money he looks upon Doctor Cocklebur and the valley of ashes without hope and with a “frown. ” Fitzgerald points out Tom’s lack of hope to provide contrast o Gatsby extreme hope and to show that Tom’s lack of hope proves that the American dream is not able to be achieved. The final sentence of Fitzgerald novel is stated by Nick. Nick says, “Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year receded before us,” (G 180).
Gatsby was on Fitzgerald extreme side of he ended up losing all of it, including his own life. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby extreme ability to hope as a lesson to the reader that too much hope for the American dream will lead to illusion and despair. Fitzgerald shows that the American dream is merely n illusion by showing the two extremes of hope between Gatsby and Tom and how it leads to either death or an unsatisfying life and how the balance in hope is inevitably unachievable. Fitzgerald again shows the need for unachievable balance in hope with Dexter and Judy in “Winter Dreams. At the beginning of part two, the way in which Dexter lives his life is explained. Dexter “often reached out for the best without knowing why he did it-and sometimes he ran up against the mysterious denials and prohibitions in which life indulges,” (“WAD” 240). Fitzgerald explains Tester’s blind faith and incompressible hope with which he lived his life. This hope ended up leaving him to deal with the “denials” and “prohibitions,” of life; therefore, showing of how extreme hope can lead to “denial” and despair is Fitzgerald way of depicting the illusion of the American dream.
At the end of section four, while Judy is attempting to persuade Dexter to come back to her, she does something unexpected. Dexter was shocked when, “Judy began to cry quietly to herself. He had never seen her cry before,” (“WAD” 251). This is the first time that Judy shows any compassion or signs of emotion, which s used by Fitzgerald to show the consequence of her complete lack of hope. Judo’s lack of hope is shown because she was born into money, she has no want or hope for anything.
Fitzgerald is showing that once it seems that she has achieved the American dream it is ripped from her because the American dream does not exist. Because both extremes of hope lead to bad things, Fitzgerald shows that balance is necessary, but unachievable. Through Fitzgerald writings he dissects the American dream and exploits its empty promises with is spectacular use of symbols, his ability to depict the greed and irruption within his characters, and his depiction of the balance of hope.
The American dream is an endless onion: it will be peeled by those seeking its core, but only to find tears. Gatsby, Tom, Daisy, Dexter, and Judy believed in the endless onion, the orgiastic future that year by year receded before them. So they beat on, boats against the current of their own tears, borne back ceaselessly into the past and other vegetables. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner’s, 2003. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. “Winter Dreams. ” F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Short Stories. Deed. Matthew Broccoli. New York: Scribner’s, 1989. 236-255.
The Secrets Of Production
Where It Comes From and Where It Goes Questions for Review 1 . The factors of production and the production technology determine the amount of output an economy can produce. The factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services: the most important factors are capital and labor. The production technology determines how much output can be produced from any given amounts Of these inputs. An increase in one of the factors of production or an improvement in technology leads to an increase in the economy’s output. 2.
When a firm decides how much of a actor of production to hire or demand, it considers how this decision affects profits. For example, hiring an extra unit of labor increases output and therefore increases revenue; the firm compares this additional revenue to the additional cost from the higher wage bill. The additional revenue the firm receives depends on the marginal product of labor (MIL) and the price of the good produced (P). An additional unit of labor produces MIL units of additional output, which sells for P dollars per unit. Therefore, the additional revenue to the firm is P x MIL.
The cost of hiring the additional unit of labor is he wage W. Thus, this hiring decision has the following effect on profits: Profit = Laurence – Accost = (p x MIL)- W. If the additional revenue, P x MIL, exceeds the cost (W) of hiring the additional unit of labor, then profit increases. The firm will hire labor until it is no longer profitable to do so-?that is, until the MIL falls to the point where the change in profit is zero. In the equation above, the firm hires labor until Profit = O, which is when (P x MIL) = W. This condition can be rewritten as: MIL = W/P.
Therefore, a competitive profit-maximizing firm hires labor until the marginal reduce of labor equals the real wage. The same logic applies to the firm’s decision regarding how much capital to hire: the firm will hire capital until the marginal product of capital equals the real rental price. 3. A production function has constant returns to scale if an equal percentage increase in all factors of production causes an increase in output of the same percentage. For example, if a firm increases its use of capital and labor by 50 percent, and output increases by 50 percent, then the production function has constant returns to scale.
If the production function has constant returns o scale, then total income (or equivalently, total output) in an economy of competitive profit-maximizing firms is divided between the return to labor, MIL x L, and the return to capital, MSP x K. That is, under constant returns to scale, economic profit is zero. 4. A Cob-Douglas production function function has the form F(K,L) = Kale-?a. The text showed that the parameter a gives capital’s share of income. (Since income equals output for the overall economy, it is also capital’s share of output. ) So if capital earns nonferrous of total income, then a = 0. 5. Hence, = AKA. LOL. 75. 5. Consumption upends positively on disposable income-?the amount of income after all taxes have been paid. The higher disposable income is, the greater consumption is. The quantity of investment goods demanded depends negatively on the real interest rate. For an investment to be profitable, its return must be greater than its cost. Because the real interest rate measures the cost of funds, a higher real interest rate makes it more costly to invest, so the demand for investment goods falls. 11 12 Answers to Textbook Questions and problems 6.
Government purchases are a measure of the dollar value of goods and revise purchased directly by the government. For example, the government buys missiles and tanks, builds roads, and provides services such as air traffic control. All of these activities are part of GAP. Transfer payments are government payments to individuals that are not in exchange for goods or services. They are the opposite of taxes: taxes reduce household disposable income, whereas transfer payments increase it. Examples of transfer payments include Social Security payments to the elderly, unemployment insurance, and veterans’ benefits. . Consumption, investment, and government purchases determine demand or the economy’s output, whereas the factors of production and the production function determine the supply of output. The real interest rate adjusts to ensure that the demand for the economy’s goods equals the supply. At the equilibrium interest rate, the demand for goods and services equals the supply. 8. When the government increases taxes, disposable income falls, and therefore consumption falls as well. The decrease in consumption equals the amount that taxes increase multiplied by the marginal propensity to consume (MAC).
The higher the MAC is, the greater is the negative effect of the tax increase on consumption. Because output is fixed by the factors of production and the production technology, and government purchases have not changed, the decrease in consumption must be offset by an increase in investment. For investment to rise, the real interest rate must fall. Therefore, a tax increase leads to a decrease in consumption, an increase in investment, and a fall in the real interest rate. Problems and Applications b. To find the amount of output produced, substitute the given values for labor and land into the production function: Y = 1000. 1000. 5 100. According to the text, the formulas for the marginal product of labor and the original product of capital (land) are: MIL = (1 – a)Kcal-a d. ILL -a In this problem, a is 0. 5 and A is 1 . Substitute in the given values for labor and land to find the marginal product of labor is 0. 5 and marginal product of capital (land) is 0. 5. We know that the real wage equals the marginal product of labor and the real rental price of land equals the marginal product of capital (land). Labors share of the output is given by the marginal product of labor times the quantity of labor, or 50.
The new level of output is 70. 71. The new wage is 0. 71 . The new rental price of land is 0. 35. Labor now receives 71 . . A production function has decreasing returns to scale if an equal percentage increase in all factors of production leads to a smaller percentage increase in output. For example, if we double the amounts of capital and labor, and output less than doubles, then the production function has decreasing returns to scale. This may happen if there is a fixed factor such as land in the production function, and this fixed factor becomes scarce as the economy grows larger.
A production function has increasing returns to scale if an equal percentage increase in all factors of production leads to a larger percentage increase in output. For example, if doubling inputs of capital and labor more than doubles output, then the production function has increasing returns to scale. This may happen if specialization of labor becomes greater as the population grows. For example, if only one worker builds Chapter 3 National Income: Where It Comes From and Where It Goes 13 a car, then it takes him a long time because he has to learn many different skills, and he must constantly change tasks and tools.
But if many workers build a car, then each one can specialize in a particular task and become very fast at it. 3. A. G. According to the neoclassical theory of distribution, the real wage equals the marginal product of labor. Because of diminishing returns to labor, an increase in the labor force causes the marginal product of labor to fall. Hence, the real wage falls. Given a Cob-Douglas production function, the increase in the labor force will increase the marginal product of capital and will increase the real rental price of capital. With more workers, the capital will be used more intensively and will be more productive.
The real rental price equals the marginal product of capital. If an earthquake estrous some of the capital stock (yet miraculously does not kill anyone and lower the labor force), the marginal product of capital rises and, hence, the real rental price rises. Given a Cob-Douglas production function, the decrease in the capital stock will decrease the marginal product of labor and will decrease the real wage. With less capital, each worker becomes less productive. If a technological advance improves the production function, this is likely to increase the marginal products of both capital and labor.
Hence, the real wage and the real rental price both increase. High inflation that doubles the nominal wage and the price level will have no impact on the real wage. Similarly, high inflation that doubles the nominal rental price of capital and the price level will have no impact on the real rental price of capital. According to the neoclassical theory, technical progress that increases the marginal product of farmers causes their real wage to rise. The real wage for farmers is measured as units of farm output per worker. The real wage is W/IF, and this is equal to ($/worker)/($/unit of farm output).
If the marginal productivity of barbers is unchanged, then their real wage is unchanged. The real wage for barbers is measured as haircuts per worker. The real wage is W/BP, and this is equal to ($/worker)/($/haircut). If workers can move freely between being farmers and being barbers, then they must be paid the same wage W in each sector. If the nominal wage W is the same in both sectors, but the real wage in terms of farm goods is greater than the real wage in terms of haircuts, then the price of haircuts must have risen relative to the price of farm goods.
We know that W/P = MIL so that W = p x MIL. This means that PIMPLE = BPML, given that the nominal wages are the same. Since the marginal product of labor for barbers has not changed and the marginal product of labor for farmers has risen, the price of a haircut must have risen relative to the price of the farm output. If we put it in growth-rate terms, then the growth of the farm price + the growth of the marginal product of the farm labor -? the growth of the haircut price. Both groups benefit from tech analogical progress in farming.