The influence of marijuana on the neurobiology and biopsychology of the brain is one of the critically important and significant issues in the field of biological psychology. In particular, it expands the understanding and comprehension of the consequences of using the psychotropic substance on a person’s mental abilities and the mechanism of their brain. To date, more than a hundred studies have already been conducted on this topic, and each of the researchers determines their own approach to specifying the effects of cannabis on an individual, their worldview, attitude, and much more.
Moreover, the strategy of searching for relevant, reliable, and trustworthy articles on the topic was based on a systematic review of data via the Internet and other technologies. The keywords used for selecting papers are the influence of marijuana, brain neurobiology, brain biopsychology, and the effects of cannabis use on cognitive abilities. The student turned to the most popular databases such as Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine, American Heart Association, SpringerLink, bioRxiv, and ScienceDirect to determine the necessary information. Hence, a wide range of various, and most importantly, created by experts, research on medical and biological psychology topics have become priority points for choosing these databases.
The First Article by Brumback et al.
The article’s research methods are descriptive – secondary data analysis and literature reviews. Accordingly, the key variables include the independent as marijuana and the dependent as structural and functional brain model. Hence, the phenomenon of interest to the study’s authors is the peculiarities of the human brain associated with the use of the psychoactive substance. Furthermore, the hypothesis about the harmful and destructive outcomes of cannabis smoking has been confirmed due to a deep and comprehensive wide range of functional MRI investigations and other data obtained (Brumback et al., 2016). The answers to the questions were given in the form of summarizing the results of relevant case studies in the framework of assessing the changes and consequences of the effects of marijuana on the mechanism of brain function. Without any doubt, the scientists observed ethical standards and security measures, taking into account, for example, the copyright for the use, storage, and distribution of “weighted color maps” with the permission of the present author.
The Second Article by Testai et al.
The article’s research methods are correlational – record keeping, case study research, collecting reliable and accurate data, and secondary data analysis. The critical variables in the hypothesis should include marijuana, brain health, and cognitive functions; the phenomenon of interest, in this situation, is the harmful aspects of marijuana use from the point of view of safety and benefits to the brain (Testai et al., 2022). The hypothesis of significant risks of cannabis smoking on cognitive abilities was confirmed by analyzing statistics and confirmed examples and cases of adverse outcomes for humans. Therefore, the answers were given by appealing to the evidence of case studies and the research results by the scientists described in specialized literature and scientific journals. In addition, the article’s authors conducted a completely safe and ethical investigation while observing all the norms, rules, and standards for creating and publishing scientific material.
The Third Article by Zehra et al.
The article’s research methods are descriptive – record keeping and secondary data analysis. Consequently, the critical variables in the hypothesis include: the independent variable is, cannabis, and the dependent one is the brain. In this study, the “assumption” was confirmed by reviewing previous studies on the effects of marijuana on behavior and mental activity. It is no secret that the answers to the questions of interest were obtained due to the neurobiological model of addiction proposed by Koob and Volkow (Zehra et al., 2018). Moreover, the research is ethical and safe since the authors did not cause any moral or physical damage to anyone, and the limits of decency, morality, and the law were observed from the point of view of the paper’s publication.
The Fourth Article by Lichenstein et al.
The article’s research method is causal-comparative/quasiexperimental – a longitudinal study of risk and resilience. Therefore, the key variables in this study must include cannabis, cognition, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, an interesting phenomenon is the ratio and relationship of marijuana consumption in adolescents’ anterior cingulate cortex. The hypothesis of significant adverse effects in young people was confirmed with the help of the Pitt Mother & Child Project and subsequent evaluation of the white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR (Lichenstein et al., 2019). The answers to the questions were given in the form of quantitative and qualitative data obtained through the study of white matter in “the subjects” aged 20 and 22. The writers obtained consent for voluntary research, data processing, and non-disclosure; during the investigation, none of the participants were harmed, which means that ethical standards and safety rules were taken into account.
The Fifth Article by Kroon et al.
The article’s research methods are descriptive – conducting a literature review and analyzing and evaluating the scientific materials. Accordingly, the key variables are cannabis and cognitive functions, and the phenomenon of interest, in this case, is the degree of influence and impact of marijuana on a person’s mental abilities and capabilities (Kroon et al., 2021). In addition, the hypothesis of a negative effect on essential cognitive functions through cannabis smoking within the framework of short-term and long-term effects was successfully confirmed by a brief summary of relevant thematic data and analysis of previously obtained results on the topic. The answers to the questions were given through in-depth and detailed research, discussion of the current biological psychology problem, and examination of evidence. The researchers have fully complied with aspects of ethics and security, and statements of conflict of interest are not expressed.
References
Brumback, T., Castro, N., Jacobus, J., & Tapert, S. (2016). Effects of marijuana use on brain structure and function: Neuroimaging findings from a neurodevelopmental perspective. International Review of Neurobiology, 129, 33-65.
Kroon, E., Kuhns, L., & Cousijn, J. (2021). The short-term and long-term effects of cannabis on cognition: recent advances in the field. Current Opinion in Psychology, 38, 49-55.
Lichenstein, S. D., Shaw, D. S., & Forbes, E. E. (2019). Cannabis, connectivity, and coming of age: Associations between cannabis use and anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during the transition to adulthood. BioRxiv, 1-38.
Testai, F. D., Gorelick, P. B., Aparicio, H. J., Filbey, F. M., Gonzalez, R., Gottesman, R. F.,… & Song, S. Y. (2022). Use of marijuana: Effect on brain health: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Stroke, 53(4), 176-187.
Zehra, A., Burns, J., Liu, C. K., Manza, P., Wiers, C. E., Volkow, N. D., & Wang, G. J. (2018). Cannabis addiction and the brain: A review. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 13(4), 438-452.
Informal Meeting And Socialization Of Employees After Work Hours
Introduction
Since human beings are largely social creatures, it is important to study interpersonal interactions and relationships in order to learn about the culture of groups and communities. Ethnography is the research method that allows for these observations and conclusions to be made, ultimately contributing to anthropological studies of the world. This study focuses on the informal socialization of employees after work hours, using the famous local Chinese restaurant, Great Wall of China, as the target location. The primary purpose of this study is to understand the make-up of the people, the type of personality, how often they converge, and what attracts them to this local restaurant.
Choice of Scenario
The choice of after-work meetings of employees as the scenario for this study was made due to several reasons. The setting of the scenario is public and informal, and numerous conclusions about the company culture can be made depending on the observations made. Depending on the customs of the particular groups of employees, they might have more or less of an outside-of-work relationship. In the former case, employees might dedicate some nights to socializing together outside work, often in a neutral environment such as a local bar or, in the case of this study, a local restaurant. This observational space is easily accessible for the researcher, as the location is not exclusive. Therefore, it can be easy for an observer to dedicate some time to study the subjects in a relaxed environment and grasp the relationships between them. In particular, the interactions between same-sex employees versus those of the opposite sexes, the general mood of the employees, and other behavior. The observations took place Tuesdays and Friday evenings since these are the most likely days for people to leave the office and hang out at the local bar or restaurant.
Literature Review
Although there is no data available for the specific scenario of this study, there are numerous ethnographies freely available on the Internet for the researcher to consider. The motivation for this ethnography lies in the significance of informal corporate culture, especially during the global pandemic. As Church & Conger (2018) noticed, in-person meetings are the most effective way to influence people and their decisions in some organizations. According to Harvard Business Review, Covid-19 has affected corporate culture as many companies opt for a hybrid environment (Hinds & Elliot, 2021). Therefore, it is even more fascinating and valuable to watch the interactions of employees outside work since many of them would be working from home. Regardless, there are links that have been established between informal cultural structures and corporate social responsibility, highlighting the importance of informal meetings even in the middle of a pandemic (Aderum and Bejnarowicz, 2018). There are likely other important connections between informal corporate culture and business, which can be deducted from the observations of this study.
Observations
The observational part of the study was aimed at answering a number of questions that were set in the preparatory stage. Some of the specific issues that were addressed included, but were not limited to:
- Do the employees arrive in singles, pairs, or groups?
- Do males talk to just male counterparts only?
- Do female employees talk to just their female counterparts?
- Are there mixed up of interactions among both male and female employees?
- Do these employees feel relaxed?
- Would they sit or stand as they mingle?
- Do they just come in to socialize, order meals, and beverages?
- Do they leave the restaurant at the end of the evening individually, in groups, or all at once?
In the process of the observation, detailed notes were taken, showing the differences between different days and different companies’ employees.
As mentioned in the previous sections, the observations were made on two days during the week – Tuesdays and Fridays. On those days, anywhere from 3 to 6 different groups of employees were observed in the restaurant, staying for the duration of an hour to three hours on average. For the sake of consistency, the researcher focused primarily on three groups of employees that were coming to the restaurant every Friday and every other Tuesday. While other groups were also noted, fewer details were recorded.
Throughout the study, it was noticed that the Friday groups tended to stay for longer, feel more relaxed with each other, order more alcohol and food, and stay for longer. On the other hand, the Tuesday groups were more likely to stay for less time and order less food and beverages. It was also noted that the groups that had more communication between the mixed-sex employees appeared to be more relaxed and stayed for longer. On the other hand, the groups that were separated into male and female interactions often had the female employees leave the restaurant earlier than their male counterparts. The groups that stayed for longer tended to sit down around a table, while the shorter interactions were often conducted standing around the bar. The groups that appeared more comfortable with each other appeared to leave in groups or pairs, and mostly at roughly the same time as everyone else in the group.
The following coding has been developed as a result of the observations and patterns within the conversations:
Gender Patterns:
- MMC – Male-Male Conversation
- FFC – Female-Female Conversation
- MFC – Male-Female Conversations
- Behavioral Patterns During Conversations:
- RLXCNV – Relaxed Conversation (Easy-going and friendly conversations)
- AGTTCNV – Agitated Conversation (Employees argue or act anxious)
- MNTCNV – Monotonous Conversation (Employees appear tired, bored, or uninterested)
The coding is inductive since the aim was to examine the behavioral patterns, and the subsequent outcomes have been derived and identified during the analysis. This has allowed for a more open-minded approach to the observation and a less restricted overview of the possible behavioral characteristics identified in employees spending time in an informal environment. Since repeated incidents have occurred and were identified, inductive coding was introduced for easier data collection.
Analysis
While the main purpose of the study was an observation rather than analysis, some deductions could be made according to the interactions of the employees. According to Bruskin (2018), the interactions between different people can signify whether the individuals are perceived as insiders or outsiders. Inclusion of the different employees in the informal social setting is important to the confidence of the individual and increases the satisfaction with the company overall, increasing motivation. Therefore, organized and non-organized meetings outside work contribute to the general corporate culture and add to the loyalty of the employees to the company. While there is no information available to the researcher about the formal corporate culture of the employees, the commitment to meet after hours is likely to signify company loyalty.
As mentioned in the previous section, there were some patterns that were noticed during the observations. For example, the length of the meetings often depended on the day of the observation. Furthermore, the openness and fluidity of conversation added to the comfortable environment, at least from the third-person perspective. While during this study, in particular, the researcher merely observed the subjects, without direct communication, this would be an interesting addition to further research.
Conclusion
Further research, expanding the demographic and increasing the length of the study, is required for generalized conclusions about what informal corporate culture means for the business. However, numerous deductions can and have been made based on the observations made. Therefore, the purpose of this study, as stated in the introduction, has been achieved, and the observations can be used in the broader field of anthropology.
References
Bejnarowicz, A., & Aderum, T. (2018). Employees’ participation in a company’s CSR: How do formal and informal cultural systems affect employees’ participation in a company’s CSR activities. JIBS.
Bruskin, S. (2019). Insider or outsider? Exploring the fluidity of the roles through social identity theory. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 8(2).
Church, A. H. & Conger J. A. (2018). When you start a new job, pay attention to these 5 aspects of company culture. Harvard Business Review. Web.
Hinds, P. & Elliot, B. (2021). WFH doesn’t have to dilute your corporate culture. Harvard Business Review. Web.
Lubet, S. (2018). Interrogating ethnography: Why evidence matters. Oxford University Press.
Distance Learning: Pros And Cons
Introduction
Distance learning represents a type of training defined by the apparent barriers of students from their teachers. Traditionally, distance education was done via the mail, but this is now possible because of technological advancements. There are various benefits to distance learning through the utilization of technology. Students use the internet to participate in online courses and employ various electronic educational tools to distribute classwork, enabling communication between pupils and teachers. Online chat or recorded tutorial courses with extended classes comprised of students and instructors worldwide make up the majority of distance learning; despite the contradicting claims that distance learning limits learners from physically interacting with others, such a technique may be effective in allowing learners to decide when and where to hold their classes. This paper will explore the question of the extent Distance Learning can be used as an effective tool for promoting equal educational opportunities instead of as a flawed system that deteriorates student performance. Distance classes open up opportunities for the growing pool of unconventional children pursuing a college degree or postgraduate ongoing professional development in a manner that standard campus-based programs simply cannot.
Advantages of Distance Learning
Personalized instruction, student services, and other options can be used in the school to provide students with flexible educational pathways; yet, even the more innovative classroom educator must struggle with the limitations of time and space. Distance and dispersed learning allow for additional flexibility in the path, speed, location, and time. Distance learning is cost-effective since the educational institution does not bear the overhead charges of running management offices, procuring instructional equipment, and sustaining classrooms and auditoriums (Utomo et al. 388). Students who take online classes do not require to go to class, spare rooms near campus, or purchase physical materials for class reference. All learners need is a good computer with enough hard drive capacity to save the training resources provided to them at their convenience. There is no need to acquire costly attires or stay with the fashion trends, as long as scholars pay attention, they may attend a course in their pajamas. One of the numerous advantages of distance schooling is that it is cost-effective for students and the institutions that provide it.
Distance learning offers accessibility, and schools can use technology for communication, which is commonly accessible. Learners can go into an electronic learning portal to attend classes and seminars online as much as the fees are paid. They can converse with their classmates and teachers as if they were sitting across the table from them, which allows anybody, everywhere, to benefit from information, the exhilaration of discussing opinions, and high-quality education. It helps learners save time they could spend getting ready, driving to school, and waiting for lessons to begin (Hernandez 85). Everything is available through the web, which is one of the significant advantages of internet education. Learners wake up, wash their hair, pour an excellent coffee, and turn on their laptops to start class. Users will not require to look for their lecturers to submit assignments either. Students automatically upload large amounts of information to their user site to send comprehensive feedback to academics.
Distance learning allows for more professional networking since the students enrolled in distance learning programs hail from different corners. The technique helps learners enroll in a program from anywhere with internet access. The numerous individuals to whom scholars will be introduced will provide them with a more extensive base of contacts with whom they can communicate and collaborate on various projects. Once learners retire, they will have several public capitals to build a long-term career network. Learners can study at their speed; in a regular classroom, all students follow their tutor’s speed as they go over course material, insensitive to both fast and slow learners and varied students’ living circumstances. Distance learning allows learners to schedule their classes at a comfortable pace (Xiao et al., 1218). Learners can study all day if they have most of the day free. If one has to work from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., they can take lessons on weekends or at night.
Students can complete entire degree programs while working full-time or raising a family. There will be no more inexplicable holes on a resume because of this ability to multitask. However, the advantages of online college can only be achieved with a strong sense of self-discipline. People must fully commit to learning without someone monitoring their whereabouts and time. Learning schedule that is adaptable Students who study online can plan their schedules around other commitments (Xiao et al., 1218). Learners have complete control over the dates and times of their classes. They can watch recorded lectures at their leisure and discover a group of learners to interact with from the enormous pool of learners available worldwide. Learners may focus on their families and other important things because of the flexible schedule. For instance, a stay-at-home mother can enroll in an online course since many course options are preferred.
Various courses are available on online learning platforms specifically tailored to the objectives and the current market needs in one’s field of study. Individuals can learn how to incorporate a new management strategy or new technologies into their business practice. The courses are not only diverse but specialized, ensuring that one can receive the most bang for their buck. Almost everyone has a choice at some point in their profession or life. If a school does not offer a program, learners can transfer credit to another distance learning institution and continue from there. Distance learning’s advantages in higher education Part-time study while working can help students apply what they have learned in the classroom to their professional lives. Humans (scholars and teachers), design (technologies and content), and institutions (rubrics and policies) will all play a role in integrating mobile technology into learning activities effectively. There are other possible factors for why online education can deliver unique prospects in higher schooling.
Connected learning can guide students through an outline that leads to the anticipated goals while encouraging optimal practices. Digital literacies, teamwork, sophisticated communication, and systems-thinking abilities are all expected to be part of technological learning in the twenty-first century. Higher education organizations are likely to provide courses and channels that promote the utilization of multidimensional aptitudes and knowledge (Roache et al. 109). They offer the usage of mass media and expertise as helpful schemes in higher teaching to align with online learning. Seven sound practice principles can be cast to distance learning in higher schooling. These good rehearsal characteristics are as follows: stimulate student-faculty engagement; encourage student cooperation; support active learning; deliver quick feedback; prioritize time on duty; communicate high prospects; and respect varied skills and learning styles. These principles describe a philosophy of high-quality distant learning that may be applied to courses.
Universities can profit from distance erudition because it agrees to more elasticity in the education process through knowledge and multidisciplinary education and learning methods. Remoteness schooling in higher schooling relies intensely on know-how and interdisciplinary approaches. Distance learning benefits from technology since students can see lectures before the lesson and participate in more engaging actions in session (Al-Balas et al. 5). They can work together with other apprentices and trust the coach to facilitate rather than a lecture because online videotapes can be created and used mutually with other classes connected. It agrees to reliable material distribution. Learning processes, assistance, flexibility, the broadcasting of tutoring and exercise, and gratified and skill assessment in distance erudition can be reinforced by e-Learning. Distance learning helps eliminate the costs of face-to-face exercise and expansion, both financially and in terms of lost productivity, because learners must take time from their everyday activities and employment to attend face-to-face training sessions. Learners in physically distant places and crossways time zones can benefit from e-Learning courses since they are obtainable 24/7, are location self-governing and deliver actual and efficient teaching.
Combining educational competency with contextual awareness into a strategy for employing digital educational methods is a significant issue for the fruitful usage of blended and e-learning. In Finland, for example, open colleges were once primarily used by early enrolled pupils who had not secured a residence at a “proper” university; however, today’s learners are more repeatedly adults in specialized positions seeking to improve their qualifications, services, and competencies through e-learning by registering in web-based progressions. In Greece, for example, remote learning allows students to balance family lifespan and job while pursuing their education (Olson et al. 200). Distance education based on ICT is advantageous since it is adaptable. Despite its virtual aspect, e-Learning should not overlook the bodily (the outlook of learning possessions, workers, and communication resources) or time-based student stresses (a readiness to aid learners and give prompt service) if it is to be considered of high quality.
Disadvantages of Distance Learning
Various individuals find it hard to remember what they have learned without a physical class. Learners need to obtain all the encouragement appropriate to accomplish the tasks they are given on time. Without self-motivation, students can spend more money retaking their classes since they failed to adhere to or accomplish their assignments. Since there are no physical classrooms and hence no capacity to operate on group tasks or interact with other learners, it gets complex to enhance learner interactions. With distance learning, learners quickly feel isolated from their peers and other students since they work on tasks and activities alone without obtaining other learners’ aid (Priyadarshini and Rikisha 250). Even partaking in group debates can get less collaboration when students are taught over distance rather than in-person. A response can be nearly immediate when students are active in a class with a tutor because they go through learners’ work and tell them when they are right or wrong. When emailing projects, though, it can convert more problematic to obtain the feedback learners are observing and have to pause for the teacher to acquire an opportunity to get connected.
Distance Learning Opportunities in Higher Education
Students who reside in physically remote places with few educational options will benefit from distance learning. Instead of enduring a long daily commute or moving into a dorm, students can go on to the computer and take whichever classes they desire, which is a good option for students who will be traveling for long periods throughout the school year or who will be relocating in the middle of the year. Traditional schools may use distance education when students require a particular subject, but the school’s budget does not allow for the cost of a whole class (Bhamani et al. 20). A school can set up a video conference connection with an instructor in another place and split the costs with other schools doing the same thing, or students can enroll in a course independently. Another advantage is that one can get high-quality training no matter where they are. In geographically isolated areas, the challenge is sometimes not finding qualified educators who can come to a specific location but finding qualified educators who can come to a particular location.
Individuals can find the best candidate no matter where they are if they are not limited by geography. There is more to be said for distance education. It ensures that all children have identical admission to quality schooling irrespective of their origin. Without the constraints of geography, our students can take any course they want and even learn at their own pace if they so desire. E-learning may provide a solution by allowing distance-learning users to progress their education while smearing new understanding and services to their exercise. E-Learning uses digital media for various instructional reasons, from augmenting lecture method accommodation to replacing face-to-face assemblies with online communication. Some youngsters may need digital literacy abilities to participate effectively in a technologically mediated society. To give good educational experiences in distance learning, lecturers must acquire knowledge and skills about knowledge. They should rethink their teaching methods and stop using computers as a “fancy typewriter” and a presenting implement. It may be difficult for orators, and they could seek technological development. As a result, e-learning does not have a distinct distance component.
Suppose educators’ ICT areas of expertise are improved, and their attitudes toward online courses change to be extra positive. In that case, distance learning in higher schooling can be applied to broaden the groups of learners who can take part in online teaching. Some postgraduate undergraduates prefer online developments due to their distinct compensations, such as lesser tuition costs, flexible learning schedules, and more extensive cultural diversity. E-learning in postsecondary learning is regarded as just as successful as outdated face-to-face knowledge. Students enrolled in distance learning courses can care for their families while enrolling in online courses, working simultaneously to support their families and be fully employed. Distance-learning may help students since it allows them freedom regarding the time and location they can partake in their studies. ICTs can enable distance-learning organizations to offer distance-learning podiums, allowing countless scholars who live far from educational centers to educate themselves.
In recent years, e-learning has become increasingly essential since it allows distance-learning students to access e-learning options that were previously unavailable. Furthermore, the usage of e-learning systems can give excellent learning possibilities for individual students worldwide, such as assisting in the education and training of students on various topics ranging from specific educational agendas to general interests. Because there is no direct interaction with the instructor, it is often assumed that online learning was developed for focused and self-controlled students, which may enhance their desire to work independently. The teaching method in schooling can teach students self-study, organizing, planning, goal setting, problem-solving, accepting responsibility, performing tasks, and being imaginative and initiative, among other skills and competencies. Understanding that remote learning allows everyone to acquire these social traits unquestionably crucial for the present professionals, e-learning is critical to students’ distance learning success.
Adult education looks to be costly to the family budget, making it unaffordable for certain families. One of the most financially accessible and sustainable education is distance learning. Due to spells and other restraints in their individual lives, adult pupils typically have several duties associated with their responsibilities. These errands severely limit their ability to learn in a distant country or a different city. They can overcome these obstacles through distance education. Because the quest for knowledge is pursued in itself, rather than just a necessity, distant learners suffer from social, psychological, interpersonal, and economic obstacles regarding learning in a remote mode to a considerably smaller amount. Distance learning schools can leverage technology to promote human connections over the web and encourage inner learning.
Distance learning that uses technology can help close the gap between place and time for continuous learning. Despite constraints, online learning could provide flexible/customized modes of teaching for all learners. Asynchronous internet forums, text, audio or video conferencing, and phone calls are examples of exchanges that allow students to publish brief biographies and photos in a blended and online education scenario. E-Learning can provide unique chances for current learners in distant learning to establish a feeling of civic engagement (Sadeghi 86). The Internet world must be able to boost students’ access to education, increase customer retention, improve the learning content, and create good student performance. In distance learning, e-Learning can provide a diversity of support resources, engagement possibilities, a solution to the issues given by the global world, mobility, cost savings, and ecological effects. Those with good soft skills and technical expertise will always be favored when prospective employers seek people to hire. Soft skills can be taught and practiced using an e-learning tool. Adult learners can have the most control over the time and “speed” of their study thanks to the framework of Distance Knowledge.
Conclusion
Among the most cost-effective kinds of education is distance learning. Academic mobility is another benefit connected with online learning in higher education. Adult students may have a variety of commitments related to their jobs or families, which distance learning schools must be aware of. As a result, remote education must enable them to accomplish their tasks efficiently. Distance learning means that classmates represent a great mix of cultures from all around the world. ‘Virtual peers’ are divided into age groups as well. As a result, learners will be exposed to various unique ideas and lifestyles. This exposure broadens students’ horizons and improves their cross-cultural understanding. It provides enough content to force students to think creatively to address real-world challenges. If individuals have a company or a family that requires their attention, they can enroll in an online learning course to benefit from distance learning. People may take longer to graduate but will have that diploma or degree hanging on their walls at the end of the day.
Works Cited
Al-Balas, Mahmoud, et al. “Distance Learning in Clinical Medical Education Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: Current Situation, Challenges, and Perspectives.” BMC medical education 20.1 (2020), 1-7. Web.
Bhamani, Shelina, et al. “Home Learning in Times of COVID: Experiences of Parents.” Journal of Education and Educational Development 7.1 (2020), 9-26. Web.
Hernandez, Laura. “Strengths and Challenges of Distance Learning Modalities in the New Normal: Basis for Intervention Program.” Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3.2 (2021), 80-87. Web.
Olson, David H., Laura Waldvogel, and Molly Schlieff. “Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems: An Update.” Journal of Family Theory & Review 11.2 (2019), 199-211. Web.
Priyadarshini, Anita, and Rikisha Bhaumik. “E-Readiness of Senior School Learners to Online Learning Transition Amid COVID-19 Lockdown.” Asian Journal of Distance Education 15.1 (2020), 244-256. Web.
Roache, Darcia, Dina Rowe-Holder, and Richard Muschette. “Transitioning to Online Distance Learning in the COVID-19 Era: A Call for Skilled Leadership in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).” International Studies in Educational Administration 48.1 (2020), 103-110. Web.
Sadeghi, Manijeh. “A Shift from Classroom to Distance Learning: Advantages and Limitations.” International Journal of Research in English Education 4.1 (2019), 80-88.
Utomo, Muhammad Nur Yasir, Memet Sudayanto, and Kundharu Saddhono. “Tools and Strategy for Distance Learning to Respond COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.” Ingénierie des Systèmes d’Information 25.3 (2020), 383-390. Web.
Xiao, Jun, et al. “What Makes Learners a Good Fit for Hybrid Learning? Learning Competences as Predictors of Experience and Satisfaction in Hybrid Learning Space.” British Journal of Educational Technology 51.4 (2020), 1203-1219. Web.