Love is considered to be the feeling that can occur between two individuals that accept the presence of admiration or sympathy. Mo Tzu, a Chinese philosopher and thinker, in his work Universal Love attempted to describe the essence of love and the context of this phenomenon. In fact, love can be examined with the help of various perspectives, for instance, Confucianism. Concerning the argument, people essentially should care for all individuals equally and love should not be shared exclusively with the selected ones due to the concept of “universal love.”
As during the initial Hundred Schools of Thought time frame, Mozi, also known as Mo Di or Mo Tzu, was a Chinese philosopher and thinker who created the system of concepts related to Mohism. Material attributed to him and his disciples can be found in the ancient literature Mozi. Mohism is considered to be an underexamined but complementary Chinese philosophical concept and political ideology for the middle class that developed into social activism in ancient China for the benefit of the individuals (Ho and Tseng 1). The theoretical anthology composed and published by Mozi’s disciples is also known as “Mozi.” He was a Chinese expert in social sciences whose undivided love philosophy contradicted Confucianism for millennia and became the foundation of the Mohism sociopolitical ideology.
Mo Tzu was born approximately in the period after Confucius’ retirement, during a phase when the Zhou dynasty’s hierarchical order was being established. The country was collapsing rapidly due to disintegration, and China was fragmented into tiny feudal nations that were frequently at odds. As a result, Mo Tzu addressed a topic that many philosophers in China at the time were dealing with: how to restore political and social authority and control in the midst of instability. Mozi features parts dedicated to the study of reasoning and logic, which show ancient Chinese thinkers’ analytical minds. When Chinese thought was reintroduced in contemporary times as element of a conversation with the West, the long deceased Mohist rationale was found to support the claim that Chinese ideas were analytical from the start.
Concerning the need to emphasize the clarification of distinctive or distinctively-used terms, it is feasible to note that the term “love” will be discussed. The concept of love is ubiquitous and the meaning of this idea can vary significantly both depending on the individual characteristics and the specific object of love. The term “love” will be utilized as a set of positive feelings, emotions, thoughts, and actions that can be related to a concrete person, object, or phenomenon. Since it is impossible to focus solely on one explanation of love, it can be suggested to discuss its all-encompassing essence. In addition, it is needed to concentrate on the term of “heaven,” which is used by Mo Tzu and included in the conception of Mohism. This term is connected to the perfect condition for a human soul, where only good exists.
According to the text, it is possible to underline the concept of “universal love,” which is central and requires discussion. In fact, it is firstly compulsory to define love and describe this notion in terms of meaning and expression. Prior to the loftiest attribute or significant promise, the greatest interpersonal attachment, to the ordinary and original pleasure, love embraces a variety of positive and optimistic emotional and psychological states. The love of a parent differentiates from the love of a husband, which distinguishes from the passion for food, as an illustration of this diversity of connotations. Love can be most typically used to describe a deep attachment and emotional bond.
In fact, the notion of love encompasses both beneficial and bad aspects, with its positive aspects symbolizing human kindness, empathy, and respect, as well as the altruistic, loyal, and generous care for the benefit of others. Furthermore, it is a vice that can represent various human moral weaknesses, such as conceit, selfishness, ambition, and egocentrism, and is capable of progressing to mania, perfectionism, or codependency. Furthermore, it can refer to acts of compassion and devotion to other people, oneself, or animals. Love, in all of its manifestations, is a primary facilitator of human relationships and, due to its core psychological value, it is among the numerous expressive and creative arts’ concerns. Love can be suggested as a role or mechanism that preserves people together in the face of risks, uncertainties, and aids in the species’ existence.
Mozi’s criticism of war is based on the notion of “universal love.” Love that is provided globally, irrespective of the particular relationship involved, is referred to as indifferent and unconditional love. It helps both the lover and the loved, according to Mozi, and the inability to love broadly produces societal upheaval (Ding and Wu). Tolerance and compassion are feasible, according to Mozi, if individuals recognize others’ native lands, relatives, and lifestyles as their own (Ding and Wu). Mozi’s concept is similar to Christian philosophy, which states that all of God’s creation are supposed to be equal.
Mo Tzu accepted the heaven’s will and choice, and he recognized that heaven had a will and a predisposition, and that the authorities in the world were its descendants. Heaven can praise or punish mankind according to their achievements; thus, rulers must use caution in order to perform the tasks. Mo Tzu generally believed that it was heaven’s will for humanity to love and support one another, including universal love, and that everyone should follow this philosophy (Ding and Wu). Mozi preached that every individual is equal and identical in the sight of heaven, and that people in positions of authority should be focused on meritocracy, or individuals who are deserving authority. Wrongdoers would be penalized by the authorities and heavenly ghosts who would administer justice. The presence of immortal creatures should be assumed, and they were thought to be wiser than humans. Mo Tzu’s desire to instill fear in celestial spirits demonstrates both disobedience of the ruling elite and compassion and care for the ordinary people.
The argument that can be considered an objection to the idea of “universal love” by Mo Tzu can be found in Confucianism. Confucianism, commonly referred to as Ru classicism, is believed to be an ancient Chinese philosophical and behavioral tradition. The concentration of love in Confucius’ teachings is on an individual’s deeds and duties as a member of society (Ding and Wu). In reality, it refers to beneficent love, empathy, or compassion with an emphasis on a relationship’s responsibility, conduct, action, attitude, and mindset rather than the adoration, or love itself (Ding and Wu). In Confucianism, love is described as responsibility and duty and the general idea refers to selective love.
It is obligatory to note that the concepts of Mohism and Confucianism share common aspects since they occurred in the identical culture. Utilitarianism and anti-utilitarianism are commonly used to describe Mohism and Confucianism, correspondingly (Fang). Even though Confucianism does not adhere to the Mozi’s utilitarianism and morality, both Confucianism and Mohism are consequentialist systems (Fang). This fact is connected to highlighting that the result of a particular activity or action serves as the foundation for assessing whether or not it is ethically desirable (Fang). Nevertheless, Mo Tzu was concentrated on universal and common good and pleasure that would be permanently available for all people.
Mo Tzu spoke explicitly against Confucians who felt that caring for various persons in varying degrees was normal and appropriate. In comparison, Mo Tzu considered that humans should, in essence, care for all individuals equally (Fang). Rather of having diverse views toward specific people, Mohism emphasized that love should only be unconditional and given to everyone without concern of retaliation, not primarily friends and relatives (Fang). Rather than formal compliance, Mo Tzu’s moral and ethics teachings prioritized observation, self-reflection, and honesty.
In opposition to Confucianism’s innate nobility and grandeur, Mohism has a more social conscience and is tinted with idealism. Mozi absolutely rejected the justification of war, and his ideological attitude is based on the concept of “no aggression.” He claimed that wars are designed to extinguish people’s physical life, and that if people valued others’ existence as much as their personal, they would never make a decision to go to warfare (Fang). In terms of love, Mohism is connected to the principle of all-encompassing and ubiquitous love that should be dedicated to everyone.
The arguments related to love in Confucianism can be compared to the arguments that are found in the works of Mo Tzu. Currently, in terms of worldwide mutual love, it is a beneficial conception that is simple to do, despite all odds (Mo 124). According to Mo Tzu, the initial and realistic reason it is not practiced is that it irritates superiors (Mo 124). They would advance to the conduct of universal and unconditional mutual love and the exchange of mutual advantages (Mo 124). This will happen if superiors receive enjoyment and satisfaction pushing men to it with prizes and acclaim and awing them away from resistance to it with penalties and fines (Mo 124). Analyzing love from the perspective of Confucianism, the argument of Mo Tzu can be described as prevalent. Mo Tzu highlights universal love to all people regardless of other factors and contexts; therefore, this idea can be widely applicable and provoke the emergence of total good, care, and love.
To summarize, according to the initial argument, “universal love” is related to the idea of unconditional and all-encompassing love. In fact, the term “love,” as per the analysis of its meanings and features, can be comprehended differently and when comparing the explanation of love in various conceptions, it is compulsory to highlight context. Mo Tzu observed love as a positive form of relationship between all individuals. Love, according to his assumptions, should be given to everyone regardless of external conditions and absence of connection. The implications of the examination refer to the significantly diverse discussion related to the idea of love and the possibility of generating common good with unconditional love.
Works Cited
Ding, Sixin, and Xiaoxin, Wu. “Interpretations of Mohism’s ‘Impartial Love’ in the Republic of China: A Comparative Approach to Confucianism and Mohism.” Journal of Chinese Humanities, vol. 7, no. 1-2, 2021, pp. 23–51.
Fang, Xudong. “Consequentialism and the Possibility of a Confucian-Mohist Encounter.” Journal of Chinese Humanities, vol. 7, no. 1-2, 2021, pp. 4–22.
Ho, Yann-Ru, and Wei-Chieh Tseng. “Power to the People: Education for Social Change in the Philosophies of Paulo Freire and Mozi.” Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2022, pp. 1–12.
Mo, Tzu. Universal Love.
Climate As A Result Of Natural Events
Climate change is one of the most pressing environmental issues of the time. It is caused by a variety of factors, but one of the most important is solar output. The sun is the primary source of energy for the planet. It emits light and heat that powers all life on earth. But its energy output varies over time, and this can have a big impact on the climate. Global warming is when the sun emits more energy that causes the planet to warm up. Conversely, when the sun emits less energy, it can cause the planet to cool down, which leads to global cooling. Climate change can be a result of geological factors such as volcanic activities. Volcanic eruptions release large amounts of heat and gas into the atmosphere, which can lead to global climate change.
Volcanic eruptions emit particles and gases into the atmosphere; some of these, such as sulfur dioxide gas, react with water in the air to form sulfate aerosols. Sulfate aerosols reflect sunlight back out into space, causing a cooling effect on the earth’s climate. Volcanoes also release carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. The net effect of volcanoes on the earth’s climate depends on how much sulfur dioxide they emit and how much carbon dioxide they release. If more sulfur dioxide is emitted than carbon dioxide, then the eruption has a cooling effect. On the other hand, if more carbon dioxide is emitted than sulfur dioxide, then the eruption has a warming effect.
Global Climate Distribution
Global climate distribution is the study of how the earth’s climate has changed over time and how it varies from place to place. There is a great deal of evidence that the earth’s climate has varied considerably over its long history. Global climate distribution is determined by a variety of factors, the most important of which are precipitation patterns, sea levels, and the effects of global warming on the polar region and its ecosystems. Precipitation patterns are determined by the earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun. As the earth moves closer to the sun, there is more solar radiation and warmer temperatures, which leads to increased evaporation rates and more rainfall. Conversely, when the earth is farther from the sun, there is less solar radiation and cooler temperatures, which leads to decreased evaporation rates and less rainfall. Sea levels are determined by a number of factors, including ocean currents, tectonic activity such as earthquakes, and melting glaciers.
Climate Change as a Result of Human Activity
Some of the human activities that lead to climate change include the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, farming livestock, plastic pollution, and ocean acidification. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, are releasing large quantities of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. This gas is a potent greenhouse gas, and its presence in the atmosphere is contributing to climate change. Nitrous oxide is also very effective at trapping heat; it is about more times effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide. Therefore, even a small amount of this gas can have a significant impact on global warming.
Deforestation and farming livestock lead to climate change because they both release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation releases carbon dioxide, while farming livestock emits methane and nitrous oxide. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global warming. Deforestation happens when trees are cut down and not replaced. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen back into it. When there are fewer trees, less carbon dioxide is removed from the air, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases and global warming. Farming livestock also contributes to climate change; cows, for example, emit methane gas as part of their digestive process. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.
Ocean acidification occurs when the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This increases the acidity of the water, making it harder for marine life to thrive. Another way human activities are causing climatic change is through plastic pollution. Plastic pollutes oceans and land, which contributes to climate change by releasing harmful greenhouse gases into the environment when heated by the sun. Plastics are even more dangerous because they take longer to decompose, around 450 years.
Past Climates
Ancient climates were probably very different from today; compared with today, the earth was warmer, which led to the absence of glaciers or ice caps. After 10 million years cooling trend started, ice polar started forming millions of years later. After another few years, large ice sheets were confirmed in the Antarctic; at the same time, the accumulation of ice and snow was spotted in the mountains. The warming started 11,700 years ago; the earth started warming, the cooling started that led to alpine glacier formation.
The northern hemisphere became cooler than the average temperature in the last sixty years. There was cold winter, large droughts, and floods during the 11th century but ended in the 14th century. The cooling increased again between the 19th and 15th centuries, and glaciers sizes increased. Warming trends again stated from the 1970s till to date, 2020 and 2016 warmth could only be compared to that which existed in 1880, and it only affected mid-latitude and Arctic continents. In the recent global perspective, a warmer climate has been experienced due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The production of these gases, especially carbon dioxide, is facilitated by human activities such as deforestation and natural events.
Medical Application Critical Appraisal Guidelines
The usage of mobile phones and other electronic devices is becoming more widely recognized as an essential healthcare tool, increasing medical software application development. Data collection, patient management, monitoring, and clinical decision-making are all things that this software may assist healthcare providers with (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Care staff profit from mobile apps in several ways, according to Durfee & Iaizzo (2019), including increased access to stage technologies, which have been shown to aid in good decisions and more remarkable outcomes for patients in clinical practice. Nursing informatics skills are critical for meeting the healthcare demands of patients. The following essay examines the name, authors, operations, endorsement, purpose, aesthetics, safety, privacy, distribution credibility, and relevancy of the Single Care Mobile application. The paper will look at the effects of the applications on clinical practice nursing and their implementation. The patient’s situation will be evaluated to determine whether or not the program should be used. The Single Care Mobile app depicts the emergence of health in the United States as a rapidly changing healthcare system. Single Care is a free prescription savings service with a discount card that can save a person up to 80% of their income on prescriptions at most major pharmacies. The software is free to use and can be used by anyone, even if they do not have insurance. They believe that everyone should have equal access to low-cost pharmaceuticals.
Author
FamilyWize was the previous name for SingleCare. It was created because it was difficult to distinguish between covered and uncovered medications (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Rick Bates and a group of silent partners launched SingleCare in 2015, intending to introduce transparency to medicine prescriptions in the marketplace.
Endorsement
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the SingleCare Mobile application as an effective tool for guaranteeing that everyone in the United States has access to inexpensive medical medicines. Furthermore, SingleCare is a HIPAA-compliant business that has saved many consumers millions of medical costs (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). SingleCare is a valid application found in over 35000 pharmacies across the United States (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Walmart, Albertsons, CVS, Wegmans, Hy-Vee, H-E-B, and Kroger are among the pharmacies they collaborate with. SingleCare, on the other hand, is not insurance and does not meet the Affordable Care Act’s mandated coverage requirements. In addition, the corporation collaborates with the United Way of the United States, which has over 1000 United Ways around the country.
Operation
The application assists individuals by directly negotiating medicine pricing with big pharmacies, as it is the most suitable mobile platform. It can help people save up to 80% on their drug costs (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). As a result, using the program makes more sense because people use mobile devices daily.
Aesthetics
The information is given in an easy-to-read and navigated way. For example, the word spacing is appropriate for ensuring that the reader can read without straining. The app’s content includes visuals and short films to augment the textual message, enabling a better understanding of the medications available (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Furthermore, the platform eliminates the need for instructions or guidance by increasing the application’s videos and images.
Purpose
SingleCare smartphone application aims to help millions of underinsured or uninsured people improve their financial stability and health. The primary goal is to ensure that everyone in the United States has access to inexpensive medical medicines. The average savings rate for an individual is around 40% (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). By forming a broad buying group umbrella, SingleCare can obtain significant discounts on medications. It negotiates the best prescription pricing with pharmacies and then passes on the entire savings to anyone who shows their SingleCare card. Additionally, it includes information and tools to assist members who use it, such as the Pharmacy Finder and Drug Price Look Up and helpful resources that may be used in conjunction with SingleCare.
Clinical Decision Making
The SingleCare Mobile application tool assists clinical judgments by locating and negotiating the lowest pricing for pharmaceuticals with large pharmacies and recommending the drug’s best action price. The recommendations in the mobile applications make it easy for those who are insured and underinsured to decide on the best medicine to take based on the prices (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Patients did not know how much a prescription would cost them until they decided to sign up for the app. Offering consumers pricing transparency is a significant component of single-goal Care, making pharmaceuticals more accessible and inexpensive. Consumers may now compare medicine prices in the same way they can compare toothpaste prices.
Safety
The application is entirely safe to use and poses no risk to the users’ safety. SingleCare’s protection and stability analyses and the FDA’s safety inspection were completed successfully (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Users are urged not to use it more regularly than that, as prolonged exposure to a cell phone might cause vision difficulties. Nonetheless, the problem is not primarily driven by how the software is used.
Privacy/Security
A privacy statement is included with the application, which refers to the information gathered. Personal data is collected when using the SingleCare mobile application digital material from a mobile or computer, for example, according to the program. Furthermore, the organization emphasizes the significance of gathering personal information. The application does not mention encryption, and there is limited information on social network sharing (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Even though there is no mention of privacy breach, the SingleCare Mobile app shares information with third parties.
User
The app aims to provide crucial information to consumers in the United States. This application actively engages in negotiations with major pharmaceutical corporations to reduce the cost of pharmaceuticals used by users (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). They are also the primary caregivers for customers. Thus they should be aware of medicine pricing ranges. On the other hand, healthcare providers are users since they may utilize the app’s advice on drug prices to influence their next steps in prescribing for patients.
Distribution
The program is primarily intended for country-wide distribution rather than local use due to its ability to be accessed from anywhere on the planet. It is open to anybody because it is compatible with Android handsets and is accessible on iOS (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019). Additionally, because the region is not stated, anyone can register.
Credibility
The information sources used in the software are trustworthy, and they involve the participation and compilation of many vital parties, which helps reduce prejudice. Furthermore, SingleCare application data is subjected to critical review validation by an internationally recognized organization, as indicated in the application (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019).
Relevance
The app’s information is up to date and includes the most recent update. The data on medicine pricing is consistent with evidence-based studies on the lowest drug prices for drugs like Asthma and COPD, urging customers to be well-informed about the most effective medications and their current prices (Durfee & Iaizzo, 2019).
Case Scenario
David, a five-year-old boy, is accompanied by his mother to the healthcare institution. The mother reports that her son was admitted early two weeks ago with an Asthma diagnosis. After all exams and examinations, the patient was admitted for two days and then left with medical prescriptions to be purchased at a nearby drugstore. The patient was ordered to Guy to get Salbutamol, Nasal Spray, and antiviral medications because he had a viral infection. The youngster is presently in the hospital with a moderate chronic cough, breathing difficulties, poor feeding, nasal flaring, and body heat.
The mother’s main concern is that she could not obtain the medications prescribed for her son before discharge. Despite her low income, she maintains that the pills are too expensive for her to afford. When she went to the drugstore, she could not distinguish between insurance-covered and uninsured medications. As a result, she visits the doctor to request that the physician prescribe less expensive drugs for her to handle. Even though the mother has Express Scripts Pharmacy Insurance, several medications were out of reach. Even if the choice to return to the hospital is delayed, the mother can access all drugs and even acquire a list of all local pharmacies sorted by lowest pricing using the SingleCare Application. The mother can choose whatever pharmacy she wants to visit for her meds. The program is free, and anyone can use it, so the mother does not need to use the Express Scripts Rx Benefit and instead goes straight to the app to save up to 45 percent on her prescriptions.
Conclusion
The SingleCare Mobile Application is a critical tool for clients to receive prescriptions at the lowest costs possible, allowing them to save money on medications and make significant progress toward recovery. As a result, since the app is placed on the user’s device, getting information and updates on current prescriptions for insured and uninsured individuals is simple. Because the service has no specific location, customers, such as David, who has Asthma, could utilize it anywhere to improve their health.
Reference
Durfee, W. K., & Iaizzo, P. A. (2019). Chapter 21 – Medical Applications of 3D Printing (P. A. Iaizzo, Ed.). ScienceDirect; Academic Press. Web.